Soft parallel manipulator fabricated by additive manufacturing

Nakshatharan, S. Sunjai; Martínez, José G.; Punning, Andres; Aabloo, Alvo; Jager, Edwin

doi:10.1016/j.snb.2019.127355

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 73 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Additionally, carbon-based nanomaterials and combined electrodes only need general simple manufacturing processes such as casting drying and hot press (Figure 2a) to obtain ion actuators with excellent performance. [102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109] The driving mechanism of the ISA with CBNs is based on intercalation and delamination of ions. As shown in Figure 2b, the cation and anion ions in the interlayer electrolyte will diffuse to the electrode layer under the action of the electric field.…”

Section: Driving Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[130][131][132] BMIMCl, [133,134] EMIMBF 4 , [135,136] and EMITFSI [137] are commonly used ionic liquids of ISA. Polymeric materials are usually non-biofriendly materials such as Nafion, [22,47,138] PVDF, [107,139,140] PVDF-HFP, [141][142][143] TPU, [144] and segmented copolymers. [145,146] However, traditional polymer materials have some obvious disadvantages such as nondegradability, [147] low biocompatibility, [148] and complex material fabrication.…”

Section: Electrode Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, carbon‐based nanomaterials and combined electrodes only need general simple manufacturing processes such as casting drying and hot press ( Figure a) to obtain ion actuators with excellent performance. [ 102–109 ]…”

Section: Driving Mechanism and Electrode Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Electrodes of Ionic Soft Actuators: From Initial 1D Structure to 3D Composite Structure for Flexible Intelligent Devices

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2023

Small

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

With the rapid development of autonomous and intelligent devices driven by soft actuators, ion soft actuators in flexible intelligent devices have several advantages over other actuators, including their light weight, low voltage drive, large strain, good flexibility, fast response, etc. Traditional ionic polymer metal composites have received a lot of attention over the past decades, but they suffer from poor driving performance and short service lives since the precious metal electrodes are not only expensive, heavy, and labor‐intensive, but also prone to cracking with repeated actuation. As excellent candidates for the electrode materials of ionic soft actuators, carbon‐based nanomaterials have received a lot of interest because of their plentiful reserves, low cost, and excellent mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical properties. This research reviewed carbon‐based nanomaterial electrodes of ion soft actuators for flexible smart devices from a fresh perspective from 1D to 3D combinations. The design of the electrode structure is introduced after the driving mechanism of ionic soft actuators. The details of ionic soft actuator electrodes made of carbon‐based nanomaterials are then provided. Additionally, a summary of applications for flexible intelligent devices is provided. Finally, suggestions for challenges and prospects are made to offer direction and inspiration for further development.

show abstract

Section: Driving Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Electrode Structure Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Electrodes of Ionic Soft Actuators: From Initial 1D Structure to 3D Composite Structure for Flexible Intelligent Devices

Wang,

Huang,

et al. 2023

Small

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The flexible sensors were designed based on the resistive principle and were utilized to measure and control the bending angle of a 4D-printed pneumatic actuator [34]. Ionic polymer-metal composites (IPMCs) have also been utilized as both sensors and actuators in 4D-printed systems [35][36][37]. A controllable 4D-printed paper was recently fabricated by a composite polylactic acid (PLA)-graphene filament.…”

Section: Controllable 4d-printed Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Control-Based 4D Printing: Adaptive 4D-Printed Systems

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Building on the recent progress of four-dimensional (4D) printing to produce dynamic structures, this study aimed to bring this technology to the next level by introducing control-based 4D printing to develop adaptive 4D-printed systems with highly versatile multi-disciplinary applications, including medicine, in the form of assisted soft robots, smart textiles as wearable electronics and other industries such as agriculture and microfluidics. This study introduced and analysed adaptive 4D-printed systems with an advanced manufacturing approach for developing stimuli-responsive constructs that organically adapted to environmental dynamic situations and uncertainties as nature does. The adaptive 4D-printed systems incorporated synergic integration of three-dimensional (3D)-printed sensors into 4D-printing and control units, which could be assembled and programmed to transform their shapes based on the assigned tasks and environmental stimuli. This paper demonstrates the adaptivity of these systems via a combination of proprioceptive sensory feedback, modeling and controllers, as well as the challenges and future opportunities they present.

show abstract

“…By using the volume expansion that occurs with doping of the polymers and the movement of mobile ions, an electrical signal can be converted into a physical deformation. This ionic conductivity and volume expansion are used to create actuators and artificial muscles (Baughman, 1996; Fannir et al , 2019; Hu et al , 2019; Madden et al , 2002; Nakshatharan et al , 2020; Anquetil et al , 2002; Kim et al , 2013; Engel et al , 2022b; Otero et al , 1993). ICPs are conjugated polymers that can facilitate electrical conductivity via a process of reversible charge transfer.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flexible and multi-material intrinsically conductive polymer devices fabricated via DLP and DIW additive manufacturing techniques

Engel,

Kilmartin,

Diegel

2023

RPJ

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the synthesis of novel conductive photo-resins to produce flexible conducting composites for use in additive manufacturing. By using direct ink writing (DIW) additive manufacturing, this study aims to explore the fabrication of multimaterial devices with conductive and insulating components. Using digital light processing (DLP) additive manufacturing, this study aims to fabricate detailed objects with higher resolution than material extrusion 3D printing systems. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, several photocurable conducting resins were prepared for DIW and DLP additive manufacturing. These resins were then cured using 405 nm near UV light to create intrinsically conductive polymer (ICP) composites. The electrochemical properties of these composites were analysed, and the effect of co-monomer choice and crosslinking density was determined. These results determined a suitable resin for subsequent additive manufacture using DIW and DLP. These 3D printing techniques were used to develop flexible conducting devices of submillimetre resolution that were fabricated with unmodified, commercially available 3D printers. Findings Cyclic voltammetry and volume conductivity analysis of the conducting resins determined the most conductive resin formula for 3D printing. Conductive devices were fabricated using the two 3D printing techniques. A multimaterial soft conducting device was fabricated using DIW, and each conducting component was insulated from its neighbours. DLP was used to fabricate a soft conducting device with good XY resolution with a minimum feature size of 0.2 mm. All devices were prepared in unmodified commercially available 3D printers. Practical implications These findings have value in the development of soft robotics, artificial muscles and wearable sensors. In addition, this work highlights techniques for DIW and DLP additive manufacturing. Originality/value Several original conducting resin formulae were developed for use in two 3D printing systems. The resulting 3D-printed composites are soft and flexible while maintaining their conductive properties. These findings are of value to both polymer chemists and to the field of additive manufacturing.

show abstract

Soft parallel manipulator fabricated by additive manufacturing

Cited by 11 publications

References 73 publications

Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Electrodes of Ionic Soft Actuators: From Initial 1D Structure to 3D Composite Structure for Flexible Intelligent Devices

Carbon‐Based Nanomaterials Electrodes of Ionic Soft Actuators: From Initial 1D Structure to 3D Composite Structure for Flexible Intelligent Devices

Control-Based 4D Printing: Adaptive 4D-Printed Systems

Flexible and multi-material intrinsically conductive polymer devices fabricated via DLP and DIW additive manufacturing techniques

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About