Soft Lithographic Printing of Patterns of Stretched DNA and DNA/Electronic Polymer Wires by Surface‐Energy Modification and Transfer

Abstract

Aligned and stretched lambda DNA is directed to specific locations on solid substrates. Surface-energy modification of glass substrates by using patterned polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps is used to direct DNA onto the surface-energy-modified micrometer-scale pattern through molecular combing. As an alternative, patterned and nonpatterned PDMS stamps modified with polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) are utilized to direct the stretched DNA to the desired location and the results are compared. The DNA is elongated through molecular combing on the stamp and transfer printed onto the surfaces. PMMA-modified stamps show a more defined length of the stretched DNA, as compared to bare PDMS stamps. A combination of these two methods is also demonstrated. As an application example, transfer printing of DNA decorated with a semiconducting conjugated polyelectrolyte is shown. The resulting patterned localization of stretched DNA can be utilized for functional nanodevice structures, as well as for biological applications.

Microcontact Printing: Limitations and Achievements

“…[127][128][129] The resulting hydrophobic patterns were used to direct the stretching of DNA to specific parts of a surface. [130] Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-coated PDMS stamps were used to assemble stretched DNA on the stamp surface and transfer it onto the target surface. [130] A new process, called one-step multiple mCP, developed by Vieu and coworkers, employs a multilevel PDMS stamp that allows the patterning of two different molecules in one step.…”

“…[130] Poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA)-coated PDMS stamps were used to assemble stretched DNA on the stamp surface and transfer it onto the target surface. [130] A new process, called one-step multiple mCP, developed by Vieu and coworkers, employs a multilevel PDMS stamp that allows the patterning of two different molecules in one step. [131] The method, based on the elastomeric properties of the PDMS stamp, creates self-aligned patterns of two different molecules by pressuring homogenously the top side of the stamp.…”

Simple method of DNA stretching on glass substrate for fluorescence image and spectroscopy

“…Infinity ANALYZE software was used for image processing. For AFM imaging; we used a commercial AFM that stood 18-20 20-22 [22][23][24] Length of molecules UM on the homemade confocal microscope built around an inverted optical microscope and shared the sample-scanning stage with it. The AFM imaging was operated in non-contact mode by silicon probe with curvature radius 10 nm.…”

“…For the good quality result from easy way, modified liquid phase silanization technique has also been established 22 . Currently, Polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS) stamp combining with soft lithography technique is also used for stretching but it usually overstretches the DNA molecules 23 .…”

Fabrication of patterned surfaces by photolithographic exposure of DNA hairpins carrying a novel photolabile group

“…A similar effect can be achieved by pre-patterning SAMs on silicon surfaces by electron beam lithography [18]. Other methodologies have utilised soft lithographic techniques, such as contact printing to pattern DNA on surfaces [19]. By introducing the method for patterning of the oligonucleotides surfaces into the DNA oligonucleotide themselves, by way of a photolabile group, a more robust surface patterning technique can be achieved with the possibility for multiple exposure and hybridisation steps once the oligonucleotides are in situ, as opposed to a single patterning step before the attachment of the oligonucleotides.…”