Soft impact responses of laminated glass simulated with the combined finite-discrete element method

Abstract

Purpose-This paper aims to investigate the responses of laminated glass under soft body impact, including elastic impact and fracture/fragmentation consideration. Design/methodology/approach-The simulation uses the combined finite-discrete element method (FDEM) which combines finite element mesh into discrete elements, enabling the accurate prediction of contact force and deformation. Material rupture is modelled with a cohesive fracture criterion, evaluating the process from continua to discontinua. Findings-Responses of laminated glass under soft impact (both elastic and fracture) agree well with known data. Crack initiation time in laminated glass increases with the increase of the outside glass thickness. With the increase of Eprojectile, failure mode is changing from flexural to shear, and damage tends to propagate longitudinally when the contact surface increases. Results show that the FDEM is capable of modelling soft impact behaviour of laminated glass successfully. Research limitations/implications-The work is done in 2D, and it will not represent fully the 3D mechanisms. Originality/value-Elastic and fracture behaviour of laminated glass under soft impact is simulated using the 2D FDEM. Limited work has been done on soft impact of laminated glass with FDEM, and special research endeavours are warranted. Benchmark examples and discussions are provided for future research.

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A FDEM Parametric Investigation on the Impact Fracture of Monolithic Glass

“…Hard body impact damage modes like flexural cracking, Hertzian cone failure, and punching were obtained by Chen et al [36] with the FDEM, and the breakage regimes were identified. Subsequent research addressed the capability of the FDEM in modelling the failure of laminated glass subjected to both hard and soft body impacts [37,38]. In Munjiza et al [39], impact fracture and the post-failure of 3D glass shells were presented using the FDEM elements.…”

Evaluating the Seismic Capacity of Dry-Joint Masonry Arch Structures via the Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method

“…Further details on the FDEM can be referred to the monographs of Munjiza and his co-workers [28][29][30]. The FDEM has been employed to simulate the failure of brittle or quasi-brittle materials, such as glass impact fracture [31,32], shell fracture [33], slope instability [34], rock compression fracture [35] etc. Applications of the FDEM on structural engineering were comprehensively summarised by Munjiza et al [36].…”