Soft chemical in situ synthesis, formation mechanism and electrochemical performances of 1D bead-like AgVO₃ nanoarchitectures

Abstract

The soft chemical process is a useful and unique method for preparation and design of one-dimensional (1D) nanoarchitectures. The 1D bead-like AgVO 3 nanoarchitectures are prepared via the soft chemical in-site reaction using the layered structure K 2 V 6 O 16 ·2.7H 2 O platelike particles as precursor. The formation mechanism is investigated through tracing the evolution of structure and morphology of intermediate products during the reaction, and it contains two processes. One is the in site reaction of the Ag + ions with the V 3 O 8 layers of K 2 V 6 O 16 . The other is the fragmentation of the 2D platelike composite into 1D fiber composite. Moreover, the electrochemical investigation shows that after 50 cycles at the current density of 100 mA·g -1 , the 1D bead-like nanostructures cathode exhibits a higher discharge capacity (127 mAh·g -1 ) than that of 1D nanowires (75 mAh·g -1 ), mainly due to the larger specific surface area and fine particles constructed architectures. template-inserted precursor into a desired structure under the moderate condition, such as the solvotherrmal, hydrothermal treatment, or the low temperature heat-treatment. The crystal structure of the product can be controlled by the used template, and the product particle morphology is dependent on the morphology of the used precursor. This method has been utilized for the synthesis and design of metal oxides nanomaterials with controlled structure, morphology, and chemical composition. [4][5][6] In previous study of controlling chemical composition, structure, morphology, and grain size of The preparation of 2D platelike K 2 V 6 O 16 ·2.7H 2 O precursor has been reported in our previous literature. 34 In a typical process, 0.5 g of V 2 O 5 and 40 mL of 0.3 mol·L -1 KOH water solution were placed in a Teflon -lined, sealed stainless-steel vessel with an inner volume of 100 mL and stirred to form clear solution. Then the pH value of the solution was adjusted to around 6 with 2 mol·L -1 HCl solution under the magnetic stirring, afterwards hydrothermally treated at 180 o C for 12 h under stirring condition. After the hydrothermal treatment, a precipitation was obtained, and then the sample was filtered, washed with distilled water and dried at room temperature. Preparation of 1D α-AgVO 3 and β-AgVO 3 nanoarchitectures0.5 g of K 2 V 6 O 16 ·2.7H 2 O samples were put into 100 mL of 0.5 mol·L -1 AgNO 3 aqueous solution, then magnetic stirred in order to reaction proceeded for 24 h at room temperature and the pH values of the solution were recorded. After reaction, the products were filtered, washed with distilled water, and dried at room temperature. Finally, the as-prepared samples were heat-treated at 200 o C and 300 o C for 2 h to obtain pure phase β-AgVO 3 . The obtained samples were denoted as β-200 and β-300, respectively. Preparation of β-AgVO 3 nanowiresβ-AgVO 3 nanowires (β-NWs) were selected as a comparison and synthesized via the process reported in the literature. 35 An amount of 0.1359 g of AgNO 3 (0.8mmol) was dissolved into 8 mL ...

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