Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulfonate Protects Primary Cardiomyocytes Against Radiation-Induced Myocardial Injury via the p38 Pathway

Abstract

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate (STS), which is extracted from a Chinese medicinal herb, possesses many pharmacologic functions, such as coronary dilation, anti-inflammatory properties, and antiapoptotic and antioxidant effects. It remains unknown whether STS can protect cardiomyocytes injured after radiation therapy. An in vitro Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat neonatal cardiomyocyte system was established. Primary cardiomyocytes (PCMs) from neonatal SD rats were isolated under sterile conditions. PCM cells were divided into a control group (0 Gy/hour) and 5 experimental radiation therapy groups (0.25 Gy/hour, 0.5 Gy/hour, 1 Gy/hour, 2 Gy/hour, and 4 Gy/hour). Cell viability, the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage rate, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activities were recorded separately in each group after 7 days of culture. Western blot was used to detect the levels of p38, caspase-3 protein, and X protein (BAX) associated with B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) in PCMs. X-rays inhibited cell growth, decreased cell viability, and induced an oxidative stress response in PCMs. STS and SB203580 (the inhibitor of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway) alleviated X-ray-induced damage to PCMs. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that X-rays increased the cTnT level. STS and SB203580 ameliorated the X-ray-induced increase in cTnT leakage. X-rays enhanced the expression of p38/p-p38 and caspase-3 while reducing the expression of Bcl-2/BAX in PCMs, as demonstrated by western blotting. STS and SB203580 mitigated the changes in protein expression triggered by X-ray radiation. In conclusions, STS was shown to exert significant cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects in PCMs by inhibiting the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway.