Sodium salts of pectin and of carboxy methyl cellulose in aqueous sodium chloride. I. Viscosities

Pals, D. T. F.; Hermans, Jan

doi:10.1002/recl.19520710504

Cited by 209 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…13 By comparison with their nonhydrolyzed counterparts, hydrolyzed polymers were in a better solvent in this mixture, as shown by higher intrinsic viscosities and second virial coefficient A 2 (Table II).…”

Section: Molar Mass Determinationmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Covalent immobilization of biological molecules to maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether copolymers?A physico-chemical approach

Ladavière

Delair

Domard

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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ABSTRACT:The covalent grafting of biological molecules to copolymers of maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether (MAMVE) has been used in various applications in diagnostics. To tentatively elucidate the phenomena involved in the control of the immobilization of oligodeoxynucleotides and proteins, the physico-chemical properties of MAMVE copolymers were investigated. Because the grafting mixture contains water, to allow dissolution of the biomolecules without loss of biological properties, the anhydride-based copolymer evolves from a neutral to a negatively charged macromolecule due to hydrolysis of the anhydride moities. The properties of both hydrolyzed and nonhydrolyzed polymers were investigated. As demonstrated by light-scattering measurements in batch, the copolymers showed some level of aggregation in DMF, DMSO, and aqueous DMSO. The presence of aggregates was confirmed by size-exclusion chromatography in DMF. However, partial deaggregation occurred for the lowest molecular weight sample, on adding 1% w/v of LiBr. The nonhydrolyzed copolymers exhibited a rigid conformation in a 5% water/DMSO mixture, as well as their hydrolyzed counterpart at a low ionization degree. The rate of the hydrolysis reaction was shown to be dependent on the pH of the reaction medium and on temperature. The activation energy of the hydrolysis reaction was 14 kJ/mol, and the rate constant in the order of 10 Ϫ4 s Ϫ1 . On the basis of these data, the effect on the grafting reaction of biomolecules of different parameters such as ionic strength and the nature of the solvent, along with some other results were interpreted in terms of interactions between the synthetic and bioactive macromolecules.

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Section: Molar Mass Determinationmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…High resolution 13 C-NMR spectroscopy was carried out at 323K using a Bruker AC200 apparatus working at 50.3 MHz. In organic solvent (d6-DMSO), tetramethylsilane was used as the internal standard (␦ ϭ 0 ppm), and in aqueous solvent (deuterated water), it was substituted by trimethyl silyl-3 propionic acid (␦ ϭ Ϫ2.35 ppm).…”

Section: C-nmrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Covalent immobilization of biological molecules to maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether copolymers?A physico-chemical approach

Ladavière

Delair

Domard

et al. 1999

J. Appl. Polym. Sci.

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“…In brief the stiffness of polyelectrolytes can be estimated by measuring the intrinsic viscosity at a number of different ionic strengths and then extrapolation to infinite ionic strength (Pals and Hermans, 1952).…”

Section: Smidsrød-haug Stiffness Parametermentioning

confidence: 99%

On hydrodynamic methods for the analysis of the sizes and shapes of polysaccharides in dilute solution: A short review

2014

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Polysaccharides and their derivatives are increasingly being used by the food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries: physical properties like size and conformation are important contributors to their performance. Here the use of hydrodynamic tools such as sedimentation velocity, sedimentation equilibrium, size exclusion chromatography -multi-angle light scattering (SEC-MALS), and viscometry are considered highlighting some recent developments in methodology and the application of these to help better understand polysaccharide structurefunction relationships.

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“…Finally, it is important to note that this anomalous behaviour of polyelectrolyte solutions can be rationalized at low concentrations by using the method of isoionic dilution [1,101]. In this method, the viscosity is studied as a function of polymer concentration for a given value of the ionic strength (i.e.…”

Section: Viscosity Of Polyelectrolyte Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

Barrat¹,

Joanny²

1996

Advances in Chemical Physics

391

301

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TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Charged chains at infinite dilution -asymptotic properties 2.1 Definition of the model and Flory-like calculation 2.2 Variational approaches 2.3 Renormalization group calculations2.4 Screening of electrostatic interactions 2.5 Annealed and quenched polyelectrolytes 3. Local aspects of screening 3.1 Counterion condensation 3.2 Poisson Boltzmann approach 3.3 Attractive electrostatic interactions 4. Electrostatic rigidity 4.1 The Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman theory 4.2 Alternative calculations for flexible chains 4.3 The case of poor solvents 5. Charged gels and brushes 5.1 Grafted polyelectrolyte layers 5.2 Polyelectrolyte gels 6. Semidilute solutions 6.1 Ordering transitions in polyelectrolyte solutions 6.2 Correlation length and osmotic pressure of semi-dilute polyelectrolyte solutions 6.3 Electrostatic rigidity in semidilute solutions 6.4 Concentrated solutions of flexible polyelectrolytes 6.5 Mesophase formation in poor solvents 7. Dynamical properties 7.1 Mobility and electrophoretic mobility of a single charged chain 7.2 Viscosity of polyelectrolyte solutions 8. Conclusions

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Sodium salts of pectin and of carboxy methyl cellulose in aqueous sodium chloride. I. Viscosities

Abstract: The changes in pH in the titration of carboxy methyl cellulose or pectin are much larger than those derived from the molecular dimensions on the basis of current theories. The possible causes of this discrepancy are discussed.

Cited by 209 publications

References 34 publications

Covalent immobilization of biological molecules to maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether copolymers?A physico-chemical approach

Covalent immobilization of biological molecules to maleic anhydride and methyl vinyl ether copolymers?A physico-chemical approach

On hydrodynamic methods for the analysis of the sizes and shapes of polysaccharides in dilute solution: A short review

Theory of Polyelectrolyte Solutions

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