Sodium salt admixtures for enhancing the foaming characteristics of sodium lauryl sulphate

Siva, Manoj; Ramamurthy, K.; Dhamodharan, R.

doi:10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2014.12.011

Cited by 25 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The high level of sulphates in the wastewater from Station 1 is indicative of high usage of detergents at the station which translates into a high pH. Sulphate is a common additive in detergents usually applied as Sodium Lauryl Sulphate which is used to enhance foam density (Schliemann et al, 2014;Siva et al, 2015). When released into waterways, this can contribute to foaming (Richards, 2003;Vinod Dubey et al, Pandey, 2012) and together with Phosphorus and Nitrogen fuel eutrophication of waterbodies (Dodds and Smith, 2016;Pattusamy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Characteristics Of Carwash Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean vehicles, polluted waters: empirical estimates of water consumption and pollution loads of the carwash industry

Monney

Donkor

Buamah

2020

Heliyon

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Carwash stations use large volumes of water and release harmful chemicals into the environment through their operations. While a significant body of literature has focused on exploring water use in the carwash industry, none has provided comprehensive information on both the pollution loads of the wastewater emanating from this industry and water consumption. Understanding how much water is used and the pollution loads of wastewater from this industry is useful to ensure adoption of water conservation measures and design wastewater recycling systems given the dwindling freshwater resources globally. This study estimated the freshwater quantities used to wash different vehicle types and the pollution loads of the resulting wastewater in the Kumasi Metropolis. Seven proxy carwash stations were purposively selected and monitored to estimate the water used to wash six different categories of vehicles. Composite wastewater samples from three carwash stations were analysed for concentrations of different contaminants which were used to compute pollution loads. Using R software, one-way ANOVA with Tukey's (HSD) post-hoc testing and 2-sample t-test at 95% confidence interval were employed to test statistical differences. After an 8-week monitoring campaign involving 3,667 vehicles, the study showed that average water used for each vehicle type were in the order: Motorbike -97L (95% CI: 90-103L); Salon car -158L (95% CI: 154-161L); SUV -197L (95% CI:191-203L); Buses/Coaches -370L (95%CI:351-381L); Articulated truck 1,139L (95% CI:916-1,363L); Graders/Loaders -1405L (95% CI:327-2,483L). Overall, the carwash industry in the Metropolis uses about 1000m 3 of freshwater daily and discharges the resulting wastewater into waterways untreated. The wastewater has a low Biodegradability Index (0.3-0.4) and is characterized by a mildly alkali pH (7.6-8.6) with high levels of Sulphates (40.8-69.8 mg/L), COD (990-1413 mg/L), TSS (1260-3417 mg/L) and E. coli (2.3-4.7 Â 10 3 CFU/100mL). Pollution loads of BOD and COD were up to 2tons/year and 6tons/year respectively. Stipulated effluent discharge guideline values were mostly exceededin some cases by up to 68 times. To avert the unbridled wastage of freshwater, the study recommends enforcement of wastewater recycling for all carwash stations and promulgation of a tax system that rewards stations that recycle wastewater and surchages those wasting freshwater.

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Section: Characteristics Of Carwash Wastewatermentioning

confidence: 99%

Clean vehicles, polluted waters: empirical estimates of water consumption and pollution loads of the carwash industry

Monney

Donkor

Buamah

2020

Heliyon

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“…The reason for this improvement might be as follows: with the increase of moisture content, the free water content within the fiber increased, which caused the enhancing of the degree of the swelling, then the diffusion rate of the dye increased, and finally the K / S value increased. 16 The further increase of the moisture content had little effect on the dyeing performance. This was because steaming required a large amount of moisture to promote the dissolution and diffusion of dye molecules inside the fiber.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…At present, the most effective stabilizer used for foam dyeing technique is dodecanol, which has proved to be a pretty good stabilizing agent. 15–18 However, dodecanol had a strong irritating odor, which is harmful to human health. To reduce the damage, it is essential to develop a new environment-friendly and low-cost stabilizer or mixed stabilizers.…”

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confidence: 99%

Application of foam dyeing technology on ultra-fine polyamide filament fabrics with acid dye

Wang

Zhou

et al. 2019

Textile Research Journal

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In this approach, the foam dyeing of polyamide filament fabrics with acid dye has been studied as a clean dyeing technology. The foam dyeing process parameters, including the blow ratio (BR), steaming temperature, time and humidity, were evaluated by color strength and color fastness. The results show that dodecanol and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) mixed stabilizer could improve the foam stability and reduce the harm to human health. The optimum batch formula of dodecanol and CMC was 4:6. The K/ S value reached 3.58 at 11 BR, 100℃ steaming temperature, 20 min and 6.59% fabric moisture content. Compared with the exhaust dyeing process, foam dyeing can achieve the same level of color fastness with a higher K/ S value. These results suggest that foam dyeing is a simple and effective method for polyamide filament fabrics with acid dye, which can reduce the consumption of water, chemicals and energy, and accelerate production.

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“…Solids percentage was calculated as 58% from dried samples. A non-proprietary foam agent (FA) was prepared using mixtures and methods adapted from Siva et al (2015).…”

Section: Methodology Materials Mixtures and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of a novel insulation foam made from gypsum drywall waste

Drake

Miyasaka

2022

mocs

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Foamed plastic rigid insulation panels are effective for reducing building heating and cooling loads, with consequent reductions in energy use and associated greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, plastic foam manufacturing and in-service use result in significant GHG emissions. In addition, plastic foams are flammable, and have been implicated in recent building fires. This paper describes proprietary mixtures and methods for producing drywall waste foam (DWF) panels, a carbon-neutral, fire-protective insulation made from gypsum drywall waste and other construction and demolition (C&D) waste materials. Gypsum drywall waste is inherently fire-protective and has relatively low thermal conductivity, but is a low-value commodity with few current reuse and recycling applications. DWF panels address two pressing issues in the built environment: decarbonization of building materials, and diversion of problematic C&D waste from landfills. Investigation of DWF panel engineering properties, including density, hardness, friability, burn-through time, and thermal conductivity are reported, with results compared to analogous commercially-available materials. Potential applications and areas for future investigation are also discussed.

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Sodium salt admixtures for enhancing the foaming characteristics of sodium lauryl sulphate

Cited by 25 publications

References 8 publications

Clean vehicles, polluted waters: empirical estimates of water consumption and pollution loads of the carwash industry

Clean vehicles, polluted waters: empirical estimates of water consumption and pollution loads of the carwash industry

Application of foam dyeing technology on ultra-fine polyamide filament fabrics with acid dye

Investigation of a novel insulation foam made from gypsum drywall waste

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