Sodium regulation in the tidepool copepod Tigriopus californicus

McDonough, Patrick M.; Stiffler, Daniel F.

doi:10.1016/0300-9629(81)90292-9

Cited by 13 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In contrast to our localized pattern of silver staining in E. affinis ( fig. 1), silver staining of the harpacticoid copepod Tigriopus californicus revealed a dispersed pattern across the ventral surface of the cephalosome but no staining of specific organs (McDonough and Stiffler 1981 ). In other harpacticoid species, silver staining and electron microscopy revealed ionocytes in the integumental windows ( fig.…”

Section: Comparison With Other Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…The intertidal copepod Tigriopus californiens could withstand extreme short-term fluctuations in salinity ranging from 10 to 100 ppt (Burton and Feldman 1982). This copepod exhibits a diffuse pattern of ion exchange across the ventral surface of the cephalosome, with no staining of specific organs (McDonough and Stiffler 1981). In other harpacticoid copepods, integumental windows have been shown to be sites of ion exchange through silver staining and electron microscopy (Hosfeld and Schminke 1997b;Hosfeld 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

Johnson¹,

Perreau²,

Charmantier³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The Pancrustacea, which include crustaceans and hexapods, have successfully colonized marine, freshwater, and terrestrial habitats. While members of the class Malacostraca (e.g., crabs, shrimp) often display immense osmoregulatory capacities, more basally branching crustaceans (e.g., copepods, branchiopods) tend to possess less-specialized osmoregulatory structures that have been poorly characterized. Remarkably, some of these more basal taxa have also colonized diverse habitats. For instance, the copepod Eurytemora affinis has recently invaded freshwater habitats multiple times independently but lack obvious osmoregulatory structures. To explore localization of ion exchange, we performed silver staining, immunohistochemical staining, and transmission electron microscopy. Our results revealed localization of ion transport within the maxillary glands and on four pairs of swimming legs. Silver staining revealed ion exchange at the maxillary pores and on the endopods and exopods of swimming legs P1 through P4. Immunohistochemical assays localized ion transport enzymes V-type H(+)-ATPase and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase in the maxillary glands and swimming legs as well. Finally, transmission electron microscopy identified specialized ionocytes within these anatomical regions. These investigations uncovered novel osmoregulatory structures at the swimming legs, which we designate the "Crusalis organs." Our findings identified specific tissues specialized for ion transport, potentially enabling this small crustacean to rapidly transition into freshwater habitats.

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Section: Comparison With Other Crustaceansmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

Johnson¹,

Perreau²,

Charmantier³

et al. 2014

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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“…2 mm), S/V remains high enough during their entire life cycle for them not to require gills for respiration purposes. Osmoregulatory ion transport is then performed by other structures, with diverse locations and shapes that vary among species, such as ventral and dorsal surfaces and thoracic appendages (Hootman and Conte 1975;McDonough and Stiffler 1981;Kikuchi 1983;Kikuchi and Matsumasa 1995;Hosfeld and Schminke 1997;Hosfeld 1999). During the evolution of copepods, the very small size and the narrow tubular shape of the body probably did not offer enough surface area for osmoregulatory organs in contact with the external medium, while the relatively long and multiple swimming legs provided ample surface area to serve as sites of ion transport.…”

Section: The Crusalis Leg Organs and Implications Of Body Sizementioning

confidence: 99%

The Legs Have It: In Situ Expression of Ion Transporters V-Type H⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the Osmoregulatory Leg Organs of the Invading CopepodEurytemora affinis

Gerber

Lee

Grousset

et al. 2016

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology

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The copepod Eurytemora affinis has an unusually broad salinity range, as some populations have recently invaded freshwater habitats independently from their ancestral saline habitats. Prior studies have shown evolutionary shifts in ion transporter activity during freshwater invasions and localization of ion transporters in newly discovered "Crusalis organs" in the swimming legs. The goals of this study were to localize and quantify expression of ion transport enzymes V-type H(+)-ATPase (VHA) and Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase (NKA) in the swimming legs of E. affinis and determine the degree of involvement of each leg in ionic regulation. We confirmed the presence of two distinct types of ionocytes in the Crusalis organs. Both cell types expressed VHA and NKA, and in the freshwater population the location of VHA and NKA in ionocytes was, respectively, apical and basal. Quantification of in situ expression of NKA and VHA established the predominance of swimming leg pairs 3 and 4 in ion transport in both saline and freshwater populations. Increases in VHA expression in swimming legs 3 and 4 of the freshwater population (in fresh water) relative to the saline population (at 15 PSU) arose from an increase in the abundance of VHA per cell rather than an increase in the number of ionocytes. This result suggests a simple mechanism for increasing ion uptake in fresh water. In contrast, the decline in NKA expression in the freshwater population arose from a decrease in ionocyte area in legs 4, likely resulting from decreases in number or size of ionocytes containing NKA. Such results provide insights into mechanisms of ionic regulation for this species, with added insights into evolutionary mechanisms underlying physiological adaptation during habitat invasions.

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“…are osmoregulators or not. However, McDonough & Stiffler (1981) showed that T. californicus maintained a stable water content over a wide salinity range and hyporegulated body sodium, using salt-pumping areas on the ventral surface of the cephalosome. Their results strongly suggest (but do not prove) that T. californicus is an osmoregulator.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Tolerances of Three Species of The Harpacticoid Copepod GenusTigriopus

1997

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The harpacticoid copepod genusTigriopusis characteristic of shallow upper shore rock pools in both hemispheres.Tigriopusare necessarily physiologically tolerant as the pools feature extreme physicochemical conditions; their lower limit on the shore is apparently set by competition/predation. There are several species, differentiated by relatively minor morphological distinctions; speciation appears to be favoured by restricted gene flow between populations, even over short distances. This paper briefly reviews the literature concerned with the taxonomy, physiology and ecology of the genus, and compares environmental conditions and salinity/thermal tolerance data for three species: T.brevicornisfrom Scotland, T.fulvusfrom Madeira, and a previously undescribed population of the Southern Ocean ‘T. angulatus’ group from subantarctic South Georgia. Particularly interesting was a low upper lethal temperature in‘T. angulatus’(21·9°C) that probably restricts the species to relatively large pools that buffer environmental thermal extremes. Unlike the other species,T. fulvuscannot withstand freezing conditions. Evidence is presented to show that the South GeorgianTigriopusdiffers slightly, but significantly, in its morphology from two sibling species that inhabit the subantarctic Kerguelen and Crozet Islands but which cannot interbreed. If the South Georgian copepods are indeed a separate species and do not occur elsewhere (e.g. the Falklands), this indicates rapid speciation within the genus; the coasts of South Georgia were covered by an icecap until 10,000–14,000 years ago and no rock pool habitats were then available. It is suggested thatTigriopusmay have reached South Georgia by rafting withinEnteromorphatubes.

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Sodium regulation in the tidepool copepod Tigriopus californicus

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

The Legs Have It: In Situ Expression of Ion Transporters V-Type H⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the Osmoregulatory Leg Organs of the Invading CopepodEurytemora affinis

Environmental Tolerances of Three Species of The Harpacticoid Copepod GenusTigriopus

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Sodium regulation in the tidepool copepod Tigriopus californicus

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

Without Gills: Localization of Osmoregulatory Function in the CopepodEurytemora affinis

The Legs Have It: In Situ Expression of Ion Transporters V-Type H+-ATPase and Na+/K+-ATPase in the Osmoregulatory Leg Organs of the Invading CopepodEurytemora affinis

Environmental Tolerances of Three Species of The Harpacticoid Copepod GenusTigriopus

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The Legs Have It: In Situ Expression of Ion Transporters V-Type H⁺-ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase in the Osmoregulatory Leg Organs of the Invading CopepodEurytemora affinis