Sodium regulation in the shore crab Carcinus maenas as related to ambient salinity

Siebers, D.; Leweck, K.; Markus, H.; Winkler, Andreas

doi:10.1007/bf00396958

Cited by 141 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…A great number of studies support the involvement of the posterior gills of crabs in ion uptake, e.g. Siebers et al (1982Siebers et al ( , 1985 have reported a marked increase in Na + \K + -ATPase activity and a consistent increase of the transepithelial potential differences in the 3 most posterior gills of the hyperregulating crab Carcinus maenas after acclimatisation to low salinity. The ultrastructure of the posterior gill epithelium of the same species also changes after transfer from seawater to dilute medium (Compe' re et al 1989), an increase in the length of the apical infoldings leading to the development of deep subcuticular infoldings being the most noticeable change reported.…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 98%

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The morphometric changes in the gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus under hyper‐ and hyporegulation conditions are not caused by proliferation of specialised cells

et al. 2000

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Chasmagnathus granulatus is a hyper-hyporegulating crab that inhabits changing habitats of salinity in Brazil, Uruguay and Argentina. Since the gills are the main sites for active ion transport in crabs, the adaptive changes in the gill epithelium occurring under different conditions of salinity were studied by means of morphological and morphometric analysis, and immunohistochemical identification of cell proliferation (BrdU technique). In anterior (1-3) gills the epithelium thickness from crabs acclimatised to 12, 34 and 44 g\l ranged from 1n27 to 2n46 µm, with no significant change during acclimatisation, thus denoting a respiratory function. Medial (4-5) gill epithelium was slightly thicker in extreme salinities, but these differences were not statistically significant. In contrast, epithelial thickness of the posterior (6-8) gills increased significantly up to 8n10 µm (dorsal zone of gill 8) both in hyper-and hyposaline media compared with seawater. The dark areas measured in gill 8 treated with AgNO $ revealed putative ion transporting tissue, especially at 12 and 44 g\l, corresponding to the zones of higher epithelial thickness. Hence these areas seem to participate both in hyper-and hyporegulation. Proliferating cells labelled with BrdU almost never occurred in the gills\salinity combinations studied during the initial 48 h of transfer from seawater to hyperconcentrated or diluted media, thus suggesting an increase in cell size rather than cell proliferation.

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Section: mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The anterior gills are the main sites for gas exchange whereas the posterior ones participate mainly in salt transporting processes (Siebers et al 1982 ;Gilles & Pe! queux, 1986 ;Towle, 1990 ;Taylor & Taylor, 1992 ;Weihrauch et al 1998).…”

Section: mentioning

confidence: 99%

The morphometric changes in the gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus under hyper‐ and hyporegulation conditions are not caused by proliferation of specialised cells

et al. 2000

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“…70 Further studies identified the gill as the most important site of osmotic regulation and discovered transporters and mechanisms that allowed some crustacean species to actively regulate extracellular osmolarity against steep osmotic gradients. 71,72 Although the existence of the NKA located in branchial epithelia of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis was revealed using enzymatic assays in the late 70 ties, its role in branchial ion regulation was less well understood. 39 Molecular characterization of the cephalopod NKA using full length clones of the squid (Loligo opalescens and L. pealeii) NKA revealed fundamental structural differences between osmo-conformers like cephalopods and vertebrates that are capable of maintaining hypo-osmotic conditions in marine environments.…”

Section: The Ph Regulatory Machinerymentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent advances in understanding trans-epithelial acid-base regulation and excretion mechanisms in cephalopods

Hwang

Tseng

2015

Tissue Barriers

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Cephalopods have evolved complex sensory systems and an active lifestyle to compete with fish for similar resources in the marine environment. Their highly active lifestyle and their extensive protein metabolism has led to substantial acid-base regulatory abilities enabling these organisms to cope with CO 2 induced acid-base disturbances. In convergence to teleost, cephalopods possess an ontogeny-dependent shift in ion-regulatory epithelia with epidermal ionocytes being the major site of embryonic acid-base regulation and ammonia excretion, while gill epithelia take these functions in adults. Although the basic morphology and excretory function of gill epithelia in cephalopods were outlined almost half a century ago, modern immunohistological and molecular techniques are bringing new insights to the mechanistic basis of acidbase regulation and excretion of nitrogenous waste products (e.g. NH 3 /NH 4 C ) across ion regulatory epithelia of cephalopods. Using cephalopods as an invertebrate model, recent findings reveal partly conserved mechanisms but also novel aspects of acid-base regulation and nitrogen excretion in these exclusively marine animals. Comparative studies using a range of marine invertebrates will create a novel and exciting research direction addressing the evolution of pH regulatory and excretory systems.

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“…The gills were bathed and perfused with natural sea water diluted by 50 % with distilled water. The resulting sodium concentration was 200 mM Na ~ 445 mOsm kg -1 (Winkler et al, 1982). By using symmetrical solutions on both sides, the establishment of diffusional (passive) potentials was avoided.…”

Section: Potential Differences Of Isolated Perfused Gillsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Siebers et al (1982) investigated the Na-K-ATPase activity in the gills of C. maenas and showed that enzyme Effects of 104 M external triamterene on the potential differences across isolated perfused gills 8 of crabs acclimated to 10 %o S. Bathing and perfusing medium were 50 % sea water. Data represent means, and vertical bars standard deviations, obtained from a sample size of 6 individuals activities were highest in posterior gills (7-9), in contrast to anterior gills (1-6) displaying 50-70 % lower activity levels.…”

Section: Whole Body Potentialsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of the transbranchial potential difference in hyperosmotic regulation of the shore crabCarcinus maenas

Winkler

1986

Helgolander Meeresunters

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When isolated gills of the shore crab Carcinus maenas were bathed and perfused with identical solutions on both sides (50 % sea water), a spontaneous transepithelial potential difference (PD) of some millivolts (hemolymph side negative) was established. This PD is of active nature and requires the metabolism of the living cell, since it uses its own sources of energy in addition to organic nutrients offered in the flow of artificial hemolymph. Addition of sodium cyanide and dinitrophenole to bathing and perfusion medium resulted in reversible breakdown of PDs in a concentration-dependent mode. In posterior gills of C. maenas, the potential differences were more negative compared to data measured in anterior gills of the same individuals. These results are correlated with higher specific activities of Na-K-ATPase in posterior gills. Experiments with triamterene indicate that sodium uptake in C. maenas is sensitive to this diuretic drug, when applied on the apical side of the epithelial cell. The results obtained show that active uptake of sodium from medium to blood across the g~s is performed by a complex mechanism including participation of several basal and apical transport steps.

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Sodium regulation in the shore crab Carcinus maenas as related to ambient salinity

Cited by 141 publications

References 19 publications

The morphometric changes in the gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus under hyper‐ and hyporegulation conditions are not caused by proliferation of specialised cells

The morphometric changes in the gills of the estuarine crab Chasmagnathus granulatus under hyper‐ and hyporegulation conditions are not caused by proliferation of specialised cells

Recent advances in understanding trans-epithelial acid-base regulation and excretion mechanisms in cephalopods

The role of the transbranchial potential difference in hyperosmotic regulation of the shore crabCarcinus maenas

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