Sodium lignosulfonate improves shoot growth of Oryza sativa via enhancement of photosynthetic activity and reduced accumulation of reactive oxygen species

Abstract

Lignosulfonate (LS) is a by-product obtained during sulfite pulping process and is commonly used as a growth enhancer in plant growth. However, the underlying growth promoting mechanism of LS on shoot growth remains largely unknown. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the potential application of eco-friendly ion-chelated LS complex [sodium LS (NaLS) and calcium LS (CaLS)] to enhance recalcitrant indica rice MR 219 shoot growth and to elucidate its underlying growth promoting mechanisms. In this study, the shoot apex of MR 219 rice was grown on Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different ion chelated LS complex (NaLS and CaLS) at 100, 200, 300 and 400 mg/L The NaLS was shown to be a better shoot growth enhancer as compared to CaLS, with optimum concentration of 300 mg/L. Subsequent comparative proteomic analysis revealed an increase of photosynthesis-related proteins [photosystem II (PSII) CP43 reaction center protein, photosystem I (PSI) iron-sulfur center, PSII CP47 reaction center protein, PSII protein D1], ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco), carbohydrate metabolism-related proteins (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase 3, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase) and stress regulator proteins (peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase A4, delta-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase 1) abundance in NaLS-treated rice as compared to the control (MSO). Consistent with proteins detected, a significant increase in biochemical analyses involved in photosynthetic activities, carbohydrate metabolism and protein biosynthesis such as total chlorophyll, rubisco activity, total sugar and total protein contents were observed in NaLS-treated rice. This implies that NaLS plays a role in empowering photosynthesis activities that led to plant growth enhancement. In addition, the increased in abundance of stress regulator proteins were consistent with low levels of peroxidase activity, malondialdehyde content and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity observed in NaLS-treated rice. These results suggest that NaLS plays a role in modulating cellular homeostasis to provide a conducive cellular environment for plant growth. Taken together, NaLS improved shoot growth of recalcitrant MR 219 rice by upregulation of photosynthetic activities and reduction of ROS accumulation leading to better plant growth.

λ-Carrageenan promotes plant growth in banana via enhancement of cellular metabolism, nutrient uptake, and cellular homeostasis

“…Detection of malondialdehyde. Levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) were determined according to Kok et al 60 . Briefly, 200 mg of leaves were homogenised in 10 mL of 10% (w/v) TCA.…”

Calcium Lignosulfonate Can Mitigate the Impact of Salt Stress on Growth, Physiological, and Yield Characteristics of Two Barley Cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.)

“…Our results indicate that both cultivars clearly exhibited much tolerance to salinity stress levels when treated with calcium lignosulfonate (Ca-LIGN), as evidenced by increased dry mass, shoot and root length, LA, RWC, grain yield, and its components, with higher grain protein content as well as lower ELR and POD activity due to lower ROS production [36]. Otherwise, under salinity stress, the shot-gun approach, which includes the use of biostimulants as Ca-LIGN, would be a viable option for a variety of crops, including sunflower [47], barley [48], and corn [49].…”

“…The application of Ca lignosulfonate compounds has the potential to promote agricultural yield [34]; in addition, lignosulfonate has been demonstrated to promote plant development in maize [35] and rice [35] because their hydrophilic parts have negative charges, and Ca lignosulfonate surfactant has a short-chain structure that makes reactions with salt simpler, has good water solubility and promotes root and leaf development, and boosts chlorophyll content and crop yield [36].…”

Metal-polyphenol networks-modified tantalum plate for craniomaxillofacial reconstruction

“…Lipid peroxidation can cause cell damage 54 , and MDA is one of the final products of lipid peroxidation. The level of MDA reflects the degree of oxidative damage in the body, and a significant increase in MDA level indicates that the cell membrane is severely oxidatively damaged 55 , 56 . We further determined the status of GSH/GSSG, SOD, and MDA in cells after treatment with H 2 O 2 alone or in combination with coated tantalum plates for 1 day and 5 days.…”