Sodium Layered/Tunnel Intergrowth Oxide Cathodes: Formation Process, Interlocking Chemistry, and Electrochemical Performance

Developing an abnormal high-Na-content P2-type layered oxide cathode with near-zero-strain for high-performance sodium-ion batteries

“…1c), which could be ascribed to the hexagonal P2 phase with a P 6 3 / mmc space group and the hexagonal P3 phase with an R 3 m space group, indicating the successful fabrication of the P2/P3 composite structure. 45–47 The specific structural information and lattice parameters of the P2 phase ( a = 2.844(2) Å, c = 11.070(6) Å, and V = 77.561(2) Å 3 ) and P3 phase ( a = 2.868(2) Å, c = 16.514(6) Å, and V = 117.658(1) Å 3 ) are available in Table S1 (ESI†), which shows a mass ratio of about 3 to 7. The low R p and R wp values also illustrate a good agreement between the experimental and calculated patterns, making the calculated results of the crystallographic parameters from the Rietveld refinement more convincing.…”

Routes to high-performance layered oxide cathodes for sodium-ion batteries

“…Therefore, it is essential to conduct substantial research on this subject. 167–169 One limitation of Na 0.44 MnO 2 with a tunnel structure is its low reversible capacity, which originates from the intrinsic phase transition involving variations in the intermediate from the sodium-poor phase Na 0.44 MnO 2 to the sodium-rich phase Na 0.66 MnO 2 . 170–173 In response to this issue, an intergrowth integration strategy was adopted by Xiao and coworkers to prepare the Na 0.6 MnO 2 cathode, comprising both nanoplates and nanorods with a layered-tunnel intergrowth structure.…”

Triggering Redox Active Sites Through Electronic Structure Modulation in rGO Encapsulated Mixed Transition Metal Oxides Hybrid for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution

“…The electrochemical performance is significantly rooted in the structural and electronic configuration of electroactive species. , Accordingly, designing architectures that can improve electron kinetics, accelerate ion diffusion, and enhance structural stability is a practical and efficient way to enhance the electrochemical activity of electrode materials. Thus, the evolution of cutting-edge materials for electrochemical water splitting that offers a viable route for extra pure hydrogen generation is a key to harnessing renewable energy. , In this scenario, numerous ongoing HER studies strive to enhance the efficiency of these processes while simultaneously developing cost-effective and environmentally friendly HER electrocatalysts.…”