Sodium-ion batteries using ion exchange membranes as electrolytes and separators

Abstract

New sodium-ion batteries using ion exchange membranes swollen with nonaqueous solvents as both electrolytes and separators have been first demonstrated, which show not only higher reversible specific capacity, but also better cycling stability compared with the conventional sodium-ion batteries using a liquid electrolyte.

Electroactive poly(vinylidene fluoride) fluoride separator for sodium ion battery with high coulombic efficiency

“…Interestingly, the voltage profiles in the battery electrodes decline marginally as shown by the next charge/discharge process. This kind of small voltage results from faster chemical kinetics that corresponds to the improved coulombic efficiency [4,36,37]. The overall performance of the cell was found to be good considering the very little capacity loss per cycle.…”

“…It is also concluded that the testing membrane with liquid electrolyte 1M NaClO 4 -EC: DEC (1:1 by weight) changes to yellow color after prolonged cycling. Electrochemical decomposition of the liquid electrolyte to sodium alkoxide and alkyl carbonate which is yellow in color can be influential in the gradual increase of potential difference in charge/discharge cycling leading to fade in capacity [4]. The gradual decrease of Columbic efficiency with cycles has many possible origins and often, parasitic reactions as mentioned above or overhung in anode are cited as the reasons.…”

“…Apart from the low cost, natural abundance of sodium and its satisfactory electrochemical potential (−2.7 V) on standard hydrogen electrode makes it attractive for the rechargeable batteries [1][2][3]. Some cathode and anode materials have been identified and tested for Na battery application [2,4]. The electrolyte separator system (ESS) is also one of the critical aspects of the galvanostatic charging-discharging processes [4].…”

“…Some cathode and anode materials have been identified and tested for Na battery application [2,4]. The electrolyte separator system (ESS) is also one of the critical aspects of the galvanostatic charging-discharging processes [4]. The primary function of the ESS is to insulate the electrodes while maintaining the reservoir of electrolyte and control of Na ions transport.…”

Low‐Operating Temperature, High‐Rate and Durable Solid‐State Sodium‐Ion Battery Based on Polymer Electrolyte and Prussian Blue Cathode

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In contrast to the large number of suitable electrode materials, thorough comprehension of the electrolyte remains lacking. [8][9][10][11] Although ceramic-based solid-state electrolyte have attracted much attention due to their high ionic conductivity at room temperature, harsh synthetic conditions (for instance, more than 1000 °C and 24 h) and poor contact capability with the electrodes are the main obstacles. Therefore, the discovery of an effective electrolyte remains a major challenge, which hinders the further application of SIBs.

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