Sodium intake is associated with increased disease activity in multiple sclerosis

Farez, Mauricio; Fiol, Marcela; Gaitán, María I.; Quintana, Francisco J.; Correale, Jorge

doi:10.1136/jnnp-2014-307928

Cited by 223 publications

(197 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…On average, the chance of developing a new lesion on magnetic resonance imaging scans was increased 2.8‐fold in individuals whose sodium intake was above recommended levels (2 g/day) and 3.4‐fold higher in individuals who consumed 4.8 g of sodium a day or more. These findings were also accompanied by a higher exacerbation rate in patients with medium and high sodium intake compared with the normal‐intake group 76. Interestingly, there is a positive correlation between the amount of salt consumed and IL‐17 plasma levels in healthy individuals 83.…”

Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…The salt consumption varies considerably among countries, ranging from 1.5 g of sodium per day in East African countries to 3.9 g of sodium per day in high‐income countries 73. Recently, many studies have demonstrated that a high intake of sodium chloride can be an important factor potentially influencing autoimmunity in both humans and rodents 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82. In patients with RRMS in Argentina, increased sodium intake was associated with enhanced disease exacerbation and new lesion development 76.…”

Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Western lifestyle and immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

Matveeva

Bogie

Hendriks

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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There is increasing evidence for a sudden and unprecedented rise in the incidence of multiple sclerosis (MS) in Westernized countries over the past decades, emphasizing the role of environmental factors. Among many candidates, rapid changes in dietary habits seem to play a role in the pathogenesis of MS. Here, we summarize and discuss the available evidence for the role of dietary nutrients, such as table salt, fatty acids, and flavonoids, in the development and pathogenesis of MS. We also discuss new and emerging risk factors accompanying Western lifestyle, such as shift work, sleep, and circadian disruption.

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Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Salt and Msmentioning

confidence: 99%

Western lifestyle and immunopathology of multiple sclerosis

Matveeva

Bogie

Hendriks

et al. 2018

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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show abstract

“…Connections between BMI and interferon response 45 , salt intake and other dietary factors 46 , and socioeconomic status 47 in the context of MS susceptibility have also been studied. Given that obesity is a modifiable risk factor, the importance of its influence on disease onset and progression is critical to reducing the physical, emotional and economic burden of MS in the population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility: A Review

Gianfrancesco¹,

Barcellos²

2016

J Neurol Neuromed

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Several studies conducted around the world over the last decade have demonstrated that early childhood and adolescent obesity are significant risk factors for MS susceptibility. This association has been largely confirmed in females, while evidence supporting a strong role for obesity and risk of MS in males has been mixed. Further, interaction between increased body mass index and genetic as well as environmental factors in MS susceptibility has been proposed, and evidence of a causal relationship has recently been established. In this review, we discuss findings supporting the significant association between obesity and MS, as well as identify areas for future investigation.

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“…Det ble nylig vist at mus som spiste mye salt, utviklet en mer aggressiv multippel sklerose-liknende sykdom enn mus som fikk lite salt (51) samt at pasienter med multippel sklerose med høyt saltinntak hadde betydelig høyere sykdomsaktivitet enn pasienter med lavt inntak (52). Høyt saltinntak hos mus stimulerte Th17-celler, som er involvert i flere autoimmune sykdommer (51).…”

Section: Andre Faktorerunclassified