Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) is involved in the physiology and pathophysiology of different cell types, but little is known about its role in sperm cells. Because of its reducing properties, we hypothesise that H 2 S protects spermatozoa against the deleterious effects of oxidative stress, a condition that is common to several male fertility disorders. This study aimed i) to determine the total antioxidant capacities of Na 2 S and GYY4137, which are fast-and slow-releasing H 2 S donors, respectively, and ii) to test whether H 2 S donors are able to protect spermatozoa against oxidative stress. We found that Na 2 S and GYY4137 show different antioxidant properties, with the total antioxidant capacity of Na 2 S being mostly unstable and even undetectable at 150 µM. Moreover, both H 2 S donors preserve sperm motility and reduce acrosome loss, although the effects were both dose and donor dependent. Within the range of concentrations tested (3-300 µM), GYY4137 showed positive effects on sperm motility, whereas Na 2 S was beneficial at the lowest concentration but detrimental at the highest. Our findings show that Na 2 S and GYY4137 have different antioxidant properties and suggest that both H 2 S donors might be used as in vitro therapeutic agents against oxidative stress in sperm cells, although the optimal therapeutic range differs between the compounds. Hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) is the most recently discovered gaseous molecule that participates in a variety of biological functions, as do nitric oxide (NO) and carbon monoxide (CO). In mammals, H 2 S can be synthesised by enzymatic or non-enzymatic pathways 1. Overall, it seems likely that most of the H 2 S produced within an organism is generated by the H 2 S-synthesising enzymes: cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE), cystathionine β-synthase (CBS), and 3-mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3-MST), with the latter coupled with cysteine aminotransferase (CAT) 2. In the male reproductive system, the expression of H 2 S-generating enzymes has been reported in the testis 3,4 , epididymis 5 , penile corpus cavernosum 6 , and spermatozoa 7,8 , which strongly suggests that this gasotransmitter is involved in sperm physiology to some extent. In a recent study, Wang et al. found that asthenospermic men show reduced levels of H 2 S in their seminal plasma and that exogenous H 2 S supplementation improves their sperm motility 8. In contrast, in boar spermatozoa, H 2 S exerts no or negative effects on sperm motility, viability, and mitochondrial membrane potential 9. With both positive and negative effects documented, there is still controversy concerning the role of H 2 S in sperm cells. This apparent discrepancy might, at least partly, be a result of H 2 S dose-and donor-dependent effects 10. According to their chemical structure and source, H 2 S donors include inorganic salts and derivatives of phosphorodithioate, garlic extracts, thioaminoacids, and anti-inflammatory drugs 11. On the basis of their release mechanism, H 2 S donors can be classified in two categories: slow-and fast-re...