Sodium electrochemical insertion mechanisms in various carbon fibres

A review of carbon materials and their composites with alloy metals for sodium ion battery anodes

“…Thus, 0.67 mol of sodium (Na 0.67 C 8 ) was obtained after grinding compared to 0.06 mol (Na 0.06 C 8 ) obtained before grinding. The electrochemical cycling of carbon fibres in sodium insertion strongly depends M A N U S C R I P T A C C E P T E D ACCEPTED MANUSCRIPT 10 on the nature of the carbon precursor, particles sizes and manufacturing process [90].…”

Three-dimensional hard carbon matrix for sodium-ion battery anode with superior-rate performance and ultralong cycle life

“…[2][3][4][5] Given the similarity between Li and Na ion batteries, many SIBs cathode materials have been investigated, such as Na x CoO 2 6 , Na 0. 44 25 Among the known anode materials, hard carbon shows the best sodium storage performance in terms of high storage capacity, good cycling, and especially the very low cost. 15 The electrochemical insertion of sodium ions into carbon as first studied by Doeff et al, was reported to generate a reversible capacity of about 85 mA h g -1 .…”

Effects of binders on electrochemical performance of nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube anode in sodium-ion battery

“…However, the commercial graphite anode used widely in lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has been confirmed not suitable for SIBs due to its rather poor sodium storage performance [2][3][4]. Recent reports enthusiastically focus on carbonaceous materials featured by large interlayer distance and disordered structure, such as petroleum cokes [5], carbon black [6], carbon fibre [7], and pyrolytic carbon [8]. Here, N-doped carbon has drawn much interest in SIBs, which shows improved electrochemical performance [9].…”