Sodium Consumption in Southeast Asia: An Updated Review of Intake Levels and Dietary Sources in Six Countries

Amarra, Maria Sofia; Khor, Geok Lin

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-22431-2_36

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…This literature supports the idea that a controlled diet, exercise and adherence to medication will assist in controlling blood pressure (12)(13)(14)(15). Dietary habits among elderly in the rural areas in northeast of Thailand found that salty food is common in their diet (16). The interviews showed that there is still a lack of information provided to this group of patients as most of them misunderstand what constitutes a salty diet where they only focus on salt intake but no other salt products such as seasoning ingredients that contain high levels of monosodium glutamate.…”

Section: ) Self-care Management At Home Of Hypertension Patientssupporting

confidence: 70%

Self-Care Management Among Elderly Patients With Hypertension and Poor Adherence to Treatment, Living in Rural Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Woodham¹,

Taneepanichskul²,

Somrongthong³

et al. 2018

PJPH

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Background: Hypertension is a common health problem among the elderly. Approximately 50% have poor adherence to their prescribed medication, which leads to uncontrolled blood pressure. This study was aimed to understand causes of poor adherence and gain knowledge of patient's self-management in their home. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted. Elderly hypertension patients with poor adherence to antihypertension medication and uncontrol blood pressure, between the ages of 60-79 were purposively selected to participate in this study. Home visits, including observation of patient's behavior in their home, were conducted. Content analysis was performed. Results: A total of thirty respondents were interviewed of which 17 were female and 13 were male. All understood that hypertension is a chronic health problem but most of them were unaware that nonadherence to their hypertension medication treatment would lead to negative consequence to their health. Most respondents had negative beliefs toward hypertension treatment. The reasons for poor adherence are: 1) personal beliefs or habits, which include forgetfulness and negative belief that the medication will not control blood pressure; 2) side effects of medication and 3) negative perceptions influenced by the community. Research results showed that most participants were not taking their prescribed dosage. Additionally, expired medication was commonly found in their medication inventory. High sodium diets and no regular exercise was commonly reported. Conclusion: Patients understood that hypertension is a lifelong condition but unaware of consequence of poor adherence. Personal reason and negative belief as well as wrong belief influenced by community. Forgetfulness and manage dosage of medication should be addressed when designing a strategy to improve medical adherence. Education on controlling hypertension and treatments should be addressed and incorporated into a holistic strategy to improve adherence to the patient's drug regimen.

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Section: ) Self-care Management At Home Of Hypertension Patientssupporting

confidence: 70%

Self-Care Management Among Elderly Patients With Hypertension and Poor Adherence to Treatment, Living in Rural Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Woodham¹,

Taneepanichskul²,

Somrongthong³

et al. 2018

PJPH

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“…Yusefi et al 9 pointed out that dietary habit is one of the most important risk factors in the incidence of GC in comparison to the 52 risk factors that were reviewed. Recent local studies have shown high-salt intake, 10,11 and lack of vegetables and fruits 12 among the general population in Indonesia and Malaysia could be the main contributing factor of GC development in this study cohort. However, since this was not the main focus of the research, and most GC studies conducted in Malaysia often excluded Penang due to its unique population, 2 further studies involving a larger sample size, focusing on understanding GC etiology among the Penang population, is needed to support this finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 66%

The Clinicopathological Features and Staging at Presentation of Gastric Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Chong

Ang

2020

ASJO

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Abstract Introduction Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer death, with most patients diagnosed at a later stage, with distant metastasis at the time of presentation, contributing to poor prognosis. GC has been associated with nonspecific clinical presentations, which cause a time delay for patients to seek for medical advice. This study aims to identify the clinicopathological features of GC patients and correlate time delay of the diagnosis to the staging of the disease. Materials and Methods This is a single-center retrospective study of GC patients diagnosed from January 2012 to December 2018. All relevant data of GC patient diagnosed during this time period were extracted from the patients’ case notes. Results A total of 69 GC patients were included in this study, with male preponderance and mean age of 62 years old. The top three symptoms presented are dyspepsia or ingestion (47.8%), weight loss (43.5%), and nausea or vomiting (33.3%). The mean time delay was 3.7 months. Patients presented with weight loss have a significantly longer average time delay of 4.88 months. Most tumor lesion was found at the distal stomach (43.5%), while 74.5% tested negative for Helicobacter pylori. Most patients were diagnosed at Stage IV (52.6%) and Stage III (36.8%) of the disease, with poorly differentiated (67.7%) histological features which have poor prognosis. Discussion and Conclusion No evidence of specific symptom or combination of symptoms predicts higher risk of GC. Regardless of the number of symptoms presented or the time delay, most GC patients were diagnosed at later stage of the disease. The study shows the importance of GC screening in Malaysia to ensure early detection, even before a symptom presented.

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“…First, our study focuses on the behavior of adding condiments at the table, where most studies focus on food consumption rather than adding condiments. Second, this study examines the behavior of Thais which shares some similarity with those of other Asian countries such as the Philippines and Vietnam [4], where condiments are added at the table. Third, this is the first study applying behavior change approaches to address this public health and policy challenge.…”

Section: The Health Policy Challengementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main source of sodium intake among Thais, like many other Southeast Asian countries, comes from condiments added to meals while cooking or at the table [4]. From a national representative survey by Thailand National Statistics Office in 2017, 55.8 percent of Thai people aged 6 years and older add condiments to meals at the table, with the highest rate among the 15-24 age group at 64.8 percent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nudge interventions to reduce fish sauce consumption in Thailand

et al. 2020

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High sodium consumption is one of the four major risk factors contributing to non-communicable diseases around the world. Thailand has one of the highest rates of sodium consumption, with fish sauce being one of the main sources. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes in the micro-environment factors can affect fish sauce consumption behavior in a university setting in Thailand. We implemented four interventions (with one control) in five canteens across a Thai university. The study design was a Latin square, where the five canteens were randomized over five weeks to implement four interventions plus a control. Our interventions included behavior-oriented, cognitive-oriented, and affective-oriented nudges aimed to reduce the amount of fish sauce people add to their noodles during lunchtime at the university canteens. Results indicate that a simple change in how fish sauce was served can reduce fish sauce consumption. Serving fish sauce in a bowl with a spoon reduced the amount of fish sauce used per noodle bowl by 0.25 grams, compared to the normal condition where fish sauce is served in a bottle. Using a specially-designed spoon with a hole induced a larger reduction of 0.58 grams of fish sauce used per bowl. The other two interventions, cognitive-and affective-oriented nudges, also showed reductions of fish sauce usage, but the differences were not statistically significant. The findings can be used for policy implementation to advocate the use of a smaller sized spoon and a bowl to serve fish sauce instead of a bottle to reduce sodium consumption among Thai people.

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Sodium Consumption in Southeast Asia: An Updated Review of Intake Levels and Dietary Sources in Six Countries

Cited by 22 publications

References 45 publications

Self-Care Management Among Elderly Patients With Hypertension and Poor Adherence to Treatment, Living in Rural Thailand: A Qualitative Study

Self-Care Management Among Elderly Patients With Hypertension and Poor Adherence to Treatment, Living in Rural Thailand: A Qualitative Study

The Clinicopathological Features and Staging at Presentation of Gastric Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Study

Nudge interventions to reduce fish sauce consumption in Thailand

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