Sodium citrate as a self-sacrificial sodium compensation additive for sodium-ion batteries

Zhang, Rui; Tang, Zheng; Sun, Dan; Ruiyi, Li; Yang, Wenhao; Zhou, Siyu; Xie, Zhiyong; Tang, Yougen; Wang, Haiyan

doi:10.1039/d1cc01292d

Cited by 38 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Among these methods, pre-treatment of the electrode surface is found to be the most methods on pre-treatment of HC electrodes, which include an electrochemical method, where an HC half-cell is first cycled at a low current density to a desired voltage to achieve the presodiation stage using pre-sodiation reagents 16−18 or sacrificial salts. 19 Here, we are demonstrating a thin, robust, durable, and organo-fluoro-rich SEI on HC electrodes followed by partial pre-sodiation through incubation of HC electrodes wetted with an FEC-rich warm electrolyte in direct contact with sodium (Na) metal. HC, which is partially sodiated and has an artificial SEI formed on its surface, can compensate for almost all the Na losses during the initial sodiation cycle and can produce a full cell with a practical high Coulombic efficiency without excess cathode.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…Among these methods, pre-treatment of the electrode surface is found to be the most effective and simple solution to improve the first cycle Coulombic efficiency. There are various methods on pre-treatment of HC electrodes, which include an electrochemical method, where an HC half-cell is first cycled at a low current density to a desired voltage to achieve the pre-sodiation stage using pre-sodiation reagents − or sacrificial salts …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Artificial Organo-Fluoro-Rich Anode Electrolyte Interface and Partially Sodiated Hard Carbon Anode for Improved Cycle Life and Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Lohani

Kumar

Kumari

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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In this work, a strategy is introduced wherein without keeping any excess cathode, a practical full-cell sodium-ion battery has been demonstrated by utilizing a hard carbon (HC) anode and sodium vanadium fluorophosphate and carbon nanotube composite (NVPF@C@CNT) cathode. A thin, robust, and durable solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is created on the surface of HC through its incubation wetted with a fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-rich warm electrolyte in direct contact with Na metal. During the incubation, the HC anode is partially sodiated and passivated with a thin SEI layer. The sodium-ion full cell fabricated while maintaining N/P ∼1.1 showed the first cycle Coulombic efficiency of ∼97% and delivered a stable areal capacity of 1.4 mAh cm–2 at a current rate of 0.1 mA cm–2 realized for the first time to the best of our knowledge. The full cell also showed a good rate capability, retaining 1.18 mAh cm–2 of its initial capacity even at a high current rate of 0.5 mA cm–2, and excellent cycling stability, giving a capacity of ∼1.0 mAh cm–2 after 500 cycles. The current strategy presents a practical way to make a sodium-ion full cell, utilizing no excess cathode material, significantly saving cost and time.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Organo-Fluoro-Rich Anode Electrolyte Interface and Partially Sodiated Hard Carbon Anode for Improved Cycle Life and Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Lohani

Kumar

Kumari

et al. 2022

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…The used sacrificial cathode additives can ensure adequate sodium for SIBs. Na‐containing salts, such as Na 2 NiO 2 , [ 176 ] Na 2 CO 3 , [ 177 ] Na 2 C 2 O 4 , [ 178 ] Na 2 C 4 O 4 , [ 179 ] Na 2 C 6 O 6 , [ 180 ] and sodium citrate, [ 181 ] have been explored as sacrificial additives for SIBs. These additives can deliver a high initial charge capacity, and the discharge capacity is extremely low (Figure 15e).…”

Section: Initial Coulombic Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Hard‐Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Status and Challenging Perspectives

Shao

Jian

2022

Adv Energy and Sustain Res

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Sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) hold great potential in the application of large‐scale energy storage. With the coming commercialization of SIBs, developing advanced anode of particularly hard carbon is becoming increasingly urgent yet challenging. Hard carbon still suffers from unclear sodium storage mechanism, unsatisfactory performance, and low initial Coulombic efficiency (ICE). Herein, the current state‐of‐the‐art advances in designing hard carbon anodes for high‐performance SIBs is summarized. First, the formation process of hard carbon and typical sodium storage models of “insertion–adsorption,” “adsorption–insertion,” “adsorption–pore filling,” and “adsorption–insertion–pore filling” are introduced systematically. Then, the key strategies including morphological engineering, heteroatom doping, and graphitic structure regulation are presented to enhance the capacity of hard carbon based on the in‐depth understanding of sodium storage behaviors. Subsequently, to promote the practical application of hard carbon, more attention is paid to the methods of ICE improvement, including electrolyte optimization, defect and surface engineering, and presodiation. Whereafter, hard‐carbon‐based SIBs and their intriguing applications are briefly sketched. Finally, future directions and challenging perspectives of hard‐carbon anodes for SIBs are proposed from the viewpoints of storage mechanisms, electrode structures, and presodiation techniques.

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“…Energy production and storage technologies have attracted considerable attention for their applications in daily life. [1][2][3][4] As one of the most promising energy storage technologies, lithium-sulphur batteries have become a hot topic in current battery research because of their high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh g À1 ) and energy density (2600 Wh kg À1 ), as well as ample natural reserves, low cost, and environmentally friendly active material resources. 5,6 Nevertheless, their practical application is hindered by poor cycle life capacity retention and sluggish reaction kinetics that are due to the following inherent defects of the lithium-sulphur system: (a) poor conductivity of sulphur; (b) volume expansion due to the sulphur species conversion, and (c) shuttle effect caused by soluble lithium polysulphides during the redox reaction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of binders on the microstructural and electrochemical performance of high‐sulphur‐loading electrodes in lithium‐sulphur batteries

Yao

et al. 2022

Intl J of Energy Research

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Summary Construction of a high‐sulphur‐loading electrode is an effective approach for achieving a high‐specific energy density in lithium‐sulphur batteries. The polymer binder has an important influence on the microstructural and electrochemical behaviours of high‐sulphur‐loading electrodes. In the study, three commonly used binders, namely polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (LA133), and polyacrylic acid (PAA), were used with high‐sulphur‐loading electrodes, and their electrochemical performance characteristics were investigated. The water‐soluble binders LA133 and PAA showed significantly better performance than PVDF. The PAA binder effectively decreased the overpotential polarisation and resistance, increasing the lithium‐ion diffusion coefficient and accelerating the redox reaction of polysulphides. The CNTs@S electrode with PAA as the binder showed the first discharge specific capacity of 703 mAh g−1 at a sulphur loading of 5.1 mg cm−2 at 0.3 C, with a decay rate of 0.1% over 150 cycles. Even with a higher sulphur loading of 7.1 mg cm−2, the electrode exhibited an initial capacity of 6.3 mAh cm−2 at a current density of 1.19 mA cm−2 and capacity retention of 98.4% over 50 cycles. In addition, the electrode with the PAA binder showed significantly increased volume energy density. The aqueous PAA binder is more suitable for the fabrication of high‐sulphur‐loading electrodes for lithium‐sulphur batteries.

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Sodium citrate as a self-sacrificial sodium compensation additive for sodium-ion batteries

Abstract: Commercial sodium citrate is proposed as the self-sacrificial cathode additive for the first time to offset the initial sodium loss. The optimum additive can obviously elevate the energy density of...

Cited by 38 publications

References 27 publications

Artificial Organo-Fluoro-Rich Anode Electrolyte Interface and Partially Sodiated Hard Carbon Anode for Improved Cycle Life and Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Artificial Organo-Fluoro-Rich Anode Electrolyte Interface and Partially Sodiated Hard Carbon Anode for Improved Cycle Life and Practical Sodium-Ion Batteries

Hard‐Carbon Anodes for Sodium‐Ion Batteries: Recent Status and Challenging Perspectives

Effect of binders on the microstructural and electrochemical performance of high‐sulphur‐loading electrodes in lithium‐sulphur batteries

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