Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes

Flowers, T. J.; Munns, Rana; Colmer, Timothy D.

doi:10.1093/aob/mcu217

Cited by 582 publications

(415 citation statements)

References 131 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

370

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…in osmotic stress and ionic imbalance (Flowers et al, 2015). At the cellular level one of the major effects of salinity is an accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) including hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), superoxide (O 2 .-) and hydroxyl radical (OH.)…”

Section: Salt Stress Results In Water Deficit Which In Turn Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Hamdani

Derridj

Roger

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Crithmum maritimum (sea fennel) withstands high salinity, and to better understand how different protective mechanisms against salinity are activated, young seedlings were exposed to increasing concentrations of NaCl (0 to 512 mM) over six weeks. Plant survival and chlorophyll content were reduced at > 85 mM NaCl and growth was affected at ≥ 341 mM NaCl. Relative water content fell and Na + accumulated more in leaves than in roots. Induction of Na + /H + antiporter expression reached a maximum at 427 mM NaCl in both tissues. Salinity induced the accumulation of proline, soluble sugars and glycine betaine. All three accumulated to higher levels in leaves than roots and greatest accumulation was after 6 weeks and the highest salt concentrations. Hydrogen peroxide levels fell with increasing salinity in leaves, while ascorbic acid and catalase activity rose. Overall, the most dramatic changes occurred after six weeks of saline stress but different mechanisms were activated at different salinity thresholds and in the two tissues. Key salinity thresholds in the response of Crithmum maritimum to salinity stress are identified activating different mechanisms. At 85 mM NaCl roots reach osmotic adjustment, at 171 mM further osmolyte protection mechanisms are activated, at 256 mM NaCl leaves reach osmotic adjustment, at 341 mM plant growth is affected and at the highest salinity tested, 512 mM, protective mechanisms are affected in leaves but not in roots.

show abstract

Section: Salt Stress Results In Water Deficit Which In Turn Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Hamdani

Derridj

Roger

2017

J. Soil Sci. Plant Nutr.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The accumulation of the inorganic solutes (K + , Na + and Cl -) has a lower energy cost for the cells when related to the accumulation of compatible organic solutes (Flowers, Munns, & Colmer, 2015). However, there must be a balance between these ions, because Cl -and Na + can be toxic when in excess in plant tissues.…”

Section: Assay Imentioning

confidence: 99%

Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

Menezes¹,

Neto²,

Gheyi³

et al. 2017

JAS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) is a medicinal species of Lamiaceae family, popularly known for its multiple benefits and high levels of volatile compounds. The species is considered to be one of the most essential oil producing plants. Also cultivated in Brazil as a condiment plant in home gardens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of salinity on the growth of basil in nutrient solution of Furlani and to identify variables related to the salinity tolerance in this species. The first assay was performed with variation of five saline levels (0 -control, 20, 40, 60 and 80 mM NaCl). In the second assay six genotypes were evaluated in two salinity levels 0 and 80 mM NaCl. The height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry mass and inorganic solutes in different organs, photosynthetic pigments, absolute membrane integrity and relative water content were evaluated. All biometric variables in basil were significantly reduced by salinity. Dry matter yield and percentage of membrane integrity were the variables that best discriminated the characteristics of salinity tolerance among the studied basil genotypes. Basil genotypes showed a differentiated tolerance among the genotypes, the 'Toscano folha de alface' being considered as the most tolerant and 'Gennaro de menta' as the most sensitive, among the species studied.

show abstract

“…Physiologically, plant adaptive responses to salinity can be grouped into four major categories: (1) dealing with the osmotic component of salt stress; (2) handling toxic Na + and Cl 2 ions; (3) detoxifying reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced in plant tissues under saline conditions; and (4) mediating cytosolic K + homeostasis (Tester and Davenport, 2003;Ji et al, 2013;Shabala, 2013;Shabala and Pottosin, 2014;Flowers et al, 2015;Julkowska and Testerink, 2015;Kurusu et al, 2015). All these responses rely heavily on the regulation of transport activity across cellular membranes and, specifically, those for Na + and K + ions.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these responses rely heavily on the regulation of transport activity across cellular membranes and, specifically, those for Na + and K + ions. High cytosolic Na + concentrations are considered to be toxic for cell metabolism and, thus, are reduced by various means (Tester and Davenport, 2003;Ji et al, 2013;Flowers et al, 2015). At the same time, superior K + retention and a cell's ability to maintain cytosolic K + homeostasis correlate with salinity tolerance in a broad range of plant species (Anschütz et al, 2014;Shabala and Pottosin, 2014) and are essential for preventing salinityinduced programmed cell death (Shabala, 2009;Demidchik et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell-Type-Specific H⁺-ATPase Activity in Root Tissues Enables K⁺ Retention and Mediates Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

While the importance of cell type specificity in plant adaptive responses is widely accepted, only a limited number of studies have addressed this issue at the functional level. We have combined electrophysiological, imaging, and biochemical techniques to reveal the physiological mechanisms conferring higher sensitivity of apical root cells to salinity in barley (Hordeum vulgare). We show that salinity application to the root apex arrests root growth in a highly tissue-and treatment-specific manner. Although salinity-induced transient net Na + uptake was about 4-fold higher in the root apex compared with the mature zone, mature root cells accumulated more cytosolic and vacuolar Na + , suggesting that the higher sensitivity of apical cells to salt is not related to either enhanced Na + exclusion or sequestration inside the root. Rather, the above differential sensitivity between the two zones originates from a 10-fold difference in K + efflux between the mature zone and the apical region (much poorer in the root apex) of the root. Major factors contributing to this poor K + retention ability are (1) an intrinsically lower H + -ATPase activity in the root apex, (2) greater saltinduced membrane depolarization, and (3) a higher reactive oxygen species production under NaCl and a larger density of reactive oxygen species-activated cation currents in the apex. Salinity treatment increased (2-to 5-fold) the content of 10 (out of 25 detected) amino acids in the root apex but not in the mature zone and changed the organic acid and sugar contents. The causal link between the observed changes in the root metabolic profile and the regulation of transporter activity is discussed.

show abstract

Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes

Cited by 582 publications

References 131 publications

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

Cell-Type-Specific H⁺-ATPase Activity in Root Tissues Enables K⁺ Retention and Mediates Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Sodium chloride toxicity and the cellular basis of salt tolerance in halophytes

Cited by 582 publications

References 131 publications

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Diverse salinity responses in Crithmum maritimum tissues at different salinities over time

Tolerance of Basil Genotypes to Salinity

Cell-Type-Specific H+-ATPase Activity in Root Tissues Enables K+ Retention and Mediates Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Cell-Type-Specific H⁺-ATPase Activity in Root Tissues Enables K⁺ Retention and Mediates Acclimation of Barley (Hordeum vulgare) to Salinity Stress