Sodium Chloride Crystallization by Electric Discharge in Brine

Abstract

Electrical discharges in liquids are currently used to synthesize nanoparticles. The plasma-liquid interaction is complex, where parameters such as electric field, ion charges and other species present are important. In order to understand the mechanism of crystallization, mother liquor (saturated solution of NaCl, MgCl 2 and KCl) was used to study the effectiveness and selectivity of the crystallization caused by the application of plasma. Discharge was applied with the solution at room temperature or during cooling. X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and chemical analysis was used to evaluate the structure and composition effects on crystal structure and composition. It was observed that the discharge induces selectively crystallization, and when compared to crystals obtained conventionally by cooling, were smaller and more uniform. We therefore confirm that plasma in liquid can also be used to selectively crystallize materials in atmospheric pressure, where the sizes of the crystals must be dependent on the parameters used.

Hydrodynamic Determination of the Kinematic Viscosity of Waste Brines

“…On the other hand, the amorphous aggregates correspond to the insoluble fine particles. A similar image is shown in Freyer and Voigt, 22 corresponding to calcium sulfate crystals, while in de Oliveira et al 23 and Guo et al, 24 cubic shapes of sodium chloride and potassium chloride crystals are presented, respectively. Therefore, it can be concluded that the analyzed sample is composed of crystals of CaSO 4 and insoluble particles aggregated to them.…”

Dielectric and surface properties of wood modified with NaCl aqueous solutions and treated with FE-DBD atmospheric plasma

“…The height of all the indicated peaks increased with increasing concentration of NaCl on the wood surface. Light emissions of sodium (at 590 nm) and chloride (at 768 nm) were not identified (Goueguel et al 2014;Barauna de Oliveira et al 2017).…”

Atmospheric-pressure plasma seawater desalination: Clean energy, agriculture, and resource recovery nexus for a blue planet

“…In CAPP the typical temperature of the electrons (T e ~ 10,000-40,000 K) is much higher than the temperature of other heavier species (T h ~ 300-1000 K) [54]. When the plasma interacts with the water surface, non-equilibrium evaporation happens, by increasing the temperature to only ~75 °C [34]. The high energy ions from the plasma, interact with the surface of the saline solution and these ions can help break the bonds in the solvated ions species and water molecules from the liquid surface, reducing the energy barrier for the evaporation leading to a phase change to the gaseous vapour form [34].…”

“…Different plasmas such as dielectric barrier discharge and corona discharge have been used to remove pharmaceutical contaminants in water [32,33]. Apart from the unique chemistry, APP also it carries energy to effectively and rapidly evaporate water well below the boiling point [34].…”