Sodium Chloride as a Cause of Low Numbers of <i>Rhizobium</i> in Legume Inoculants

Steinborn, Julia; Roughley, R. J.

doi:10.1111/j.1365-2672.1974.tb00418.x

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 5 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Decreased photosynthesis in response to salt stress might be expected to decrease carbohydrate flow to the root system and root exudation, thereby limiting the establishment of symbiotic plant/microbe interactions in the rhizosphere. Although it is well known that high salinity can decrease nodulation of legumes by rhizobia (Steinborn and Roughley 1974;Steil et al 2003;Barea et al 2005), effects of salinity on associative PGPR inhabiting the rhizosphere may be variable. Although high salinity increased root colonisation of lettuce with PGPR Pseudomonas mendocina (Steil et al 2003), pea root colonisation of V. paradoxus 5C-2 was independent of salinity level (Table 1), similar to experiments where soil drying had no effect on, or even increased, colonisation of V. paradoxus 5C-2 (Belimov et al 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase increase growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under salt stress by limiting Na+ accumulation

Wang

Dodd

Belimov

et al. 2016

Functional Plant Biol.

158

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Abstract. Although plant salt tolerance has been improved by soil inoculation with rhizobacteria containing the enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase (which metabolises ACC, the immediate precursor of the phytohormone ethylene), it is not always clear whether ion homeostasis and plant water relations are affected. When pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alderman) was grown with 70 and 130 mM NaCl, the ACC-deaminase containing rhizobacterium Variovorax paradoxus 5C-2 increased total biomass by 25 and 54% respectively. Nutrient flow modelling showed that V. paradoxus 5C-2 increased K uptake and root to shoot K flow, but decreased Na flow and increased Na deposition in roots. Thus, shoot K + : Na + ratio increased following V. paradoxus 5C-2 inoculation. At 70 and 130 mM NaCl, rhizobacterial inoculation decreased stomatal resistance by 14 and 31% and decreased xylem balancing pressure by 7 and 21% respectively. Furthermore, rhizobacterial inoculation improved photosynthetic efficiency (F v /F m ) by 12 and 19% and increased maximal electron transport rate (ETR) by 18 and 22% at 70 and 130 mM NaCl respectively. Thus V. paradoxus 5C-2 mitigates salt stress by improving water relations, ion homeostasis and photosynthesis of pea plants, and may provide an economic means of promoting growth of plants exposed to salt stress.Additional keywords: ion homeostasis, maximal electron transport rate, nutrient flow modelling, photosynthetic efficiency, water relations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase increase growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under salt stress by limiting Na+ accumulation

Wang

Dodd

Belimov

et al. 2016

Functional Plant Biol.

158

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“…The detrimental effects of salt stress on nodulation, plant growth and nitrogen fixation have been reported for many legumes including alfalfa, peas, mung beans and cowpeas (Balasubraminiam & Sinha, 1976;Upchurch & Elkan, 1977;Wilson & Norris, 1970: Yadav & Vyvar, 1971. The presence of high sodium chloride has been reported to reduce the number of rhizobia in legume inoculants (Steinborn & Roughly, 1974, 1975. Tolerance to salt stress may be an important part of saprophytic competence and competitiveness in rhizobia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of an Effective Salt-tolerant, Fast-growing Strain of Rhizobium japonicum

et al. 1983

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Rhizobium japonicum USDA191 is a member of a new group of Rhizobium japonicum strains found in China. This strain is one of several strains shown to be salt-tolerant and fast-growing; it is unique in being the only strain of this group that effectively nodulates American soybean cultivars. For these reasons strain USDA 191 was chosen for further study and comparison to the common American Rhizobium japonicum isolate USDA 1 10. Strain USDA 19 1 has a doubling time of 3.2 h in complex medium and grows in concentrations of up to 0.4 M-NaCl, while strain USDAl 10, which has a doubling time of 12 h, is severely inhibited in media containing 0.1 MNaCl. Under salt stress conditions, intracellular levels of K+ and glutamate were shown to increase. A comparison based on carbohydrate metabolism, DNA homology and protein patterns on polyacrylamide gels reveals that strain USDA191 is more closely related to the fastgrowing rhizobia than to Rhizobium japonicum. However, the strain retains capacity to nodulate American soybean and cowpea cultivars effectively.

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“…Moreover, commercial strains of Rhizobium usually cannot tolerate or function under high levels of osmotic stress caused by salinity or drought, e.g., salt in peat used as a carrier reduced the viability of R. trifolii in legume inoculants produced in Australia (Steinborn and Roughley, 1974). Wilson and Norris (1970) reported that commercial R. mad and Campbell 1985;, it is considerably higher than the 0.5 to 0.7% range reported by Yadav and Vyas (1971a, b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of salt- and drought-tolerant Rhizobium meliloti L. strains

et al. 1991

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The first set of experiments identified sodium chloride (NaCI) tolerance of 92 accessions of Rhizobium meliloti L. from various rhizobia collections and arid and saline areas of the Intermountain West.Accessions were incubated in salinized (0, 176, 352, 528, 616, 704 or 792 mM) yeast extract mannitol (YEM) medium. Growth was measured by turbidity at 420 nm after 3 d in culture. Rhizobial strains were classified by their growth response at an optical density (OD) of 704 mM; Groups One and Two did not exceed 0.10 and 0.33, respectively. Forty three different rhizobial strains were identified as salt-sensitive and 49 as salt-tolerant at 704 mM NaCI. None grew in a saline solution of 792 mM NaC1.The second set of experiments investigated the drought tolerance of R. meliloti accessions that exhibited differential salt tolerance. Fifteen salt-sensitive and 15 salt-tolerant strains of R. meliloti from the first experiment were exposed to simulated drought stress by adding polyethylene glycol 6,000 (PEG-6,000) to the YEM medium at concentrations of 0, -0.4, -0.8 or -1.0MPa. Rhizobium strains were incubated for 10 days at 25°C and growth turbidity was measured at 420 nm. Growth turbidity of the 30 accessions ranged from 100% at -0.4 MPa to 0% at -1.0 MPa. With one exception, strains that were more drought-tolerant (at -1.0 MPa) were also more salt-tolerant (616 mM). However, some of the more salt-tolerant strains at 616 mM were not the more drought-tolerant stains at -1.0 MPa. These salt-and drought-tolerant Rhizobium accessions are excellent models to study the mechanism(s) of such resistance, and to elucidate the role of genetics of NaC1 and drought tolerance.

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Sodium Chloride as a Cause of Low Numbers of Rhizobium in Legume Inoculants

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase increase growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under salt stress by limiting Na+ accumulation

Rhizosphere bacteria containing 1-aminocyclopropane-1- carboxylate deaminase increase growth and photosynthesis of pea plants under salt stress by limiting Na+ accumulation

Characterization of an Effective Salt-tolerant, Fast-growing Strain of Rhizobium japonicum

Identification of salt- and drought-tolerant Rhizobium meliloti L. strains

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