Sodium bicarbonate improves 4 km time trial cycling performance when individualised to time to peak blood bicarbonate in trained male cyclists

Gough, Lewis A.; Deb, Sanjoy; Sparks, Albert K.; McNaughton, Lars R.

doi:10.1080/02640414.2017.1410875

Cited by 41 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The protocols for the TT, including the self-selected warm-up, were identical to those detailed in the previous research (Gough et al 2017c), whereby only cadence and gear was displayed to the participant. Each TT series was preceded by supplementation of one of the SBC2, SBC3, or a taste-matched placebo (0.07 g kg −1 BM sodium chloride; PLA) administered in a block-randomized order.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alkalosis on repeated high-intensity exercise performance and acid–base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions

et al. 2018

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PurposeExacerbated hydrogen cation (H+) production is suggested to be a key determinant of fatigue in acute hypoxic conditions. This study, therefore, investigated the effects of NaHCO3 ingestion on repeated 4 km TT cycling performance and post-exercise acid–base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions.MethodsTen male trained cyclists completed four repeats of 2 × 4 km cycling time trials (TT1 and TT2) with 40 min passive recovery, each on different days. Each TT series was preceded by supplementation of one of the 0.2 g kg−1 BM NaHCO3 (SBC2), 0.3 g kg−1 BM NaHCO3 (SBC3), or a taste-matched placebo (0.07 g kg−1 BM sodium chloride; PLA), administered in a randomized order. Supplements were administered at a pre-determined individual time to peak capillary blood bicarbonate concentration ([HCO3−]). Each TT series was also completed in a normobaric hypoxic chamber set at 14.5% FiO2 (~ 3000 m).ResultsPerformance was improved following SBC3 in both TT1 (400.2 ± 24.1 vs. 405.9 ± 26.0 s; p = 0.03) and TT2 (407.2 ± 29.2 vs. 413.2 ± 30.8 s; p = 0.01) compared to PLA, displaying a very likely benefit in each bout. Compared to SBC2, a likely and possible benefit was also observed following SBC3 in TT1 (402.3 ± 26.5 s; p = 0.15) and TT2 (410.3 ± 30.8 s; p = 0.44), respectively. One participant displayed an ergolytic effect following SBC3, likely because of severe gastrointestinal discomfort, as SBC2 still provided ergogenic effects.ConclusionNaHCO3 ingestion improves repeated exercise performance in acute hypoxic conditions, although the optimal dose is likely to be 0.3 g kg−1 BM.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of alkalosis on repeated high-intensity exercise performance and acid–base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions

et al. 2018

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“…This could be related to differences in time to peak alkalosis. Therefore, the timing of NaHCO 3 administration prior to exercise can be individualized to ensure that blood [HCO 3 -] for each individual peaks at exercise onset [12]. Unfortunately, predetermination of the time to peak blood [HCO 3 -] is rather time consuming, as it requires multiple visits to the laboratory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Stacked Sodium Bicarbonate Loading on Repeated All-out Exercise

et al. 2019

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether NaHCO3, administered via a 9-h stacked loading protocol (i.e. repeated supplementation with small doses in order to obtain a gradual increase in blood [HCO3 -]), has an ergogenic effect on repeated all-out exercise. Twelve physically active males were randomly assigned to receive either NaHCO3 (BIC) or placebo (PL) in a double-blind cross-over design. NaHCO3 supplementation was divided in three identical 3-h cycles: a 6.3 g bolus at the start, followed by 2.1 g doses at +1-h and +2-h, yielding a total NaHCO3 intake of 0.4 g·kg−1 BM over 9-h. At the end of each cycle, participants performed 2-min all-out cycling. Capillary blood samples were analyzed for [HCO3 -], pH and [La-]. Pre-exercise blood [HCO3 -] in PL decreased from 25.6±0.2 mmol·L−1 in bout 1 to 23.6±0.2 mmol·L−1 in bout 4, while increasing from 25.5±0.2 to 31.2±0.4 mmol·L−1 in BIC (P<0.05). Concomitantly, pre-exercise pH values gradually decreased in PL (from 7.41±0.00 to 7.39±0.01) and increased in BIC (from 7.41±0.01 to 7.47±0.01; P<0.05). Mean power output of the four bouts was higher in BIC (428±20 W) than in PL (420±20 W; P<0.05). The ergogenic effect on repeated all-out exercise occurred in the absence of gastrointestinal distress.

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“…However, recent studies also found a performance benefit of NaHCO3 ingestion during 4000-m cycling time trials performed by trained male cyclists. 16,17 The cause of the difference in effect might be due to the individual variation in time to peak alkalosis. 16 Gough et al 16,17 used an individualized supplementation strategy, in which NaHCO3 supplements are ingested at a time point which results in peak pH and/or HCO3concentrations at the start of the time trial for each individual.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…16,17 The cause of the difference in effect might be due to the individual variation in time to peak alkalosis. 16 Gough et al 16,17 used an individualized supplementation strategy, in which NaHCO3 supplements are ingested at a time point which results in peak pH and/or HCO3concentrations at the start of the time trial for each individual. In the current study an individualized supplementation strategy was not used, which possibly limited the ergogenic effect on cycling performance in the current study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, in slightly longer events, such as a 4000-m cycling time trial ergogenic effects of NaHCO3 have been found. 16,17 So, although it seems clear that a moderate performance benefit of NaHCO3 ingestion can be expected, it is unclear if NaHCO3 supplementation diminishes the decrement in GE during time-trial exercise. Therefore, the current study was designed to examine if NaHCO3 supplementation diminishes the decline in GE experienced during a 2000m cycling time trial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on the Decline in Gross Efficiency During a 2000-m Cycling Time Trial

Voskamp¹,

Bos²,

Foster³

et al. 2020

International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance

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Background: Gross efficiency (GE) declines during high-intensity exercise. Increasing extracellular buffer capacity might diminish the decline in GE and thereby improve performance. Purpose: To examine if sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) supplementation diminishes the decline in GE during a 2000-m cycling time trial. Methods: Sixteen male cyclists and 16 female cyclists completed 4 testing sessions including a maximal incremental test, a familiarization trial, and two 2000-m GE tests. The 2000-m GE tests were performed after ingestion of either NaHCO3 supplements (0.3 g/kg body mass) or placebo supplements (amylum solani, magnesium stearate, and sunflower oil capsules). The GE tests were conducted using a double-blind, randomized, crossover design. Power output, gas exchange, and time to complete the 2000-m time trials were recorded. Capillary blood samples were analyzed for blood bicarbonate, pH, and lactate concentration. Data were analyzed using magnitude-based inference. Results: The decrement in GE found after the 2000-m time trial was possibly smaller in the male and female groups after NaHCO3 than with placebo ingestion, with the effect in both groups combined being unclear. The effect on performance was likely trivial for males (placebo 164.2 [5.0] s, NaHCO3 164.3 [5.0] s; Δ0.1; ±0.6%), unclear for females (placebo 178.6 [4.8] s, NaHCO3 178.0 [4.3] s; Δ−0.3; ±0.5%), and very likely trivial when effects were combined. Blood bicarbonate, pH, and lactate concentration were substantially elevated from rest to pretest after NaHCO3 ingestion. Conclusions: NaHCO3 supplementation results in an unclear effect on the decrease in GE during high-intensity exercise and in a very likely trivial effect on performance.

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Sodium bicarbonate improves 4 km time trial cycling performance when individualised to time to peak blood bicarbonate in trained male cyclists

Cited by 41 publications

References 33 publications

The influence of alkalosis on repeated high-intensity exercise performance and acid–base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions

The influence of alkalosis on repeated high-intensity exercise performance and acid–base balance recovery in acute moderate hypoxic conditions

Effect of Stacked Sodium Bicarbonate Loading on Repeated All-out Exercise

The Effect of Sodium Bicarbonate Supplementation on the Decline in Gross Efficiency During a 2000-m Cycling Time Trial

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