Sodium/Beta”-Alumina/Organosulfur Batteries Operating at Intermediate Temperatures

Visco, Steven J.; Jonghe, Lutgard C. De

doi:10.1557/proc-135-553

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…Redox electrodepolymerization-electropolymerization process.--The genesis of these polymeric electrode materials arose from the desire to reduce the operating temperature of the Negbeta"-alumina/S battery by replacing the sulfur electrode with an organodisulfide material (RSSR + 2e-= 2 RS-) that could be cycled at temperatures slightly above the melting point of sodium. Although the results were promising (7), the batteries were plagued by problems of stability of the positive electrode due to reaction of the strongly nucleophilic thiolate anions with various high-dielectric-constant solvents incorporated in these electrodes (8). Notably, ether-like solvents such as the "glymes," CH30(CH2CH20)~CH3, and polyethylene oxide were found to be exceptionally stable towards the organodisulfide and polyorganodisulfide electrodes.…”

Section: Novel Principle For Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Solid Redox Polymerization Electrodes: Electrochemical Properties

Liu

Visco

Jonghe

1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

112

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The generic redox reaction of a class of linear sulfur-containing redox polymerization electrodes can be described as (--SRS--)~ + n (2e-) ~ n (-SRS-) that is, the polymer electrode can be progressively depolymerized, leading ultimately to monomeric anions, as the sulfursulfur bridges between the organic R groups are cleaved during discharge and then the monomer anions can be subsequently reoxidized back to the original polymer during charge. This is the first time the process of electrodepolymerization-electropolymerization has been exploited for energy,storage, establishing a broad class of chemically flexible, low equivalent weight, and inexpensive electrodes for advanced batteries. Electrochemical investigation of a diverse group of novel solid redox polymerization electrodes indicates that these materials are excellent candidates for all-solid-state, thinfilm, energy-storage systems. Some of the advantages offered by the batteries based on these materials include high energy density and rate capability, extensive utilization of positive electrode capacity, ease of fabrication, low cost, and superior reliability, and safety. In addition, these materials are reversible to lithium and sodium (as well as many alkaline earth and transition metals), allowing for a much greater choice of negative electrode materials, in stark contrast to cells based on analogous intercalation compounds. Further, and in particular, a great advantage of redox polymerization electrodes is the ability to alter the physical, chemical, and electrochemical properties of these materials in a very predictable manner through manipulation of various functional groups, electron-withdrawing heteroatoms, and the molecular architecture.

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Section: Novel Principle For Energy Storagementioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Solid Redox Polymerization Electrodes: Electrochemical Properties

Liu

Visco

Jonghe

1991

J. Electrochem. Soc.

112

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A series of compounds having -SH groups are thought to have a significant potential as energy storage materials, whereby energy exchange occurs according to a reversible polymerization-depolymerization process (2 SH ↔ S-S). 1,2 Among these compounds, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) was first studied by Visco and co-workers 6 as an active cathode material for lithium secondary batteries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of the preparation procedure on the electrochemical properties of Pani(DMcT-Cu ion)/carbon fiber composites

Canobre

Biaggio

Rocha‐Filho

et al. 2003

J. Braz. Chem. Soc.

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As propriedades eletroquímicas de compósitos do tipo Pani(DMcT-íon Cu)/fibra de carbono, obtidos eletroquimicamente, são analisadas em função tanto do procedimento de preparação como do sal de cobre (CuCl 2 .2H 2 O ou CuSO 4 ) utilizado para a incorporação de íons Cu 2+ no compósito. Dois procedimentos foram utilizados: adicionando-se o sal de cobre diretamente ao eletrólito durante a eletropolimerização da polianilina (procedimento A), ou adsorvendo-se os íons cobre juntamente com o DMcT sobre a fibra de carbono antes da eletropolimerização (procedimento B). A estabilidade eletroquímica, as propriedades elétricas e a morfologia desses compósitos foram analisadas, por voltametria cíclica, espectroscopia de impedância eletroquímica e microscopia eletrônica de varredura, respectivamente.The electrochemical properties of Pani(DMcT-Cu ion)/carbon fiber composites, obtained by electrochemical means, are analysed as a function of the preparation procedure and the different copper salts (CuCl 2 .2H 2 O or CuSO 4 ) used as source of Cu 2+ ions to be incorporated into the Pani(DMcT)/carbon fiber composite. The composites were prepared according to two procedures: by adding the copper salt directly to the electrolyte during the polyaniline electrosynthesis (procedure A), or by allowing the copper ion to be physically adsorbed onto the carbon fiber prior to the polymer electroformation (procedure B). The electrochemical stability, electrical properties and morphology of the composites were analysed by cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively.Keywords: polyaniline, carbon fiber, DMcT, composites, impedance spectroscopy IntroductionIn the recent past decades, the demand for rechargeable batteries has exploded due to the enormous increase in the variety and number of portable devices, especially cellular phones. At the same time, the need has increased for batteries that are smaller, lighter, with higher energy density and more environmentally benign. It is expected that this dependence on batteries as energy sources will become even greater in the future due to an increase in the number of miniaturized devices. Therefore development of novel electrode materials is currently demanded so as to increase the energy density of batteries for different applications, including those for electric vehicles and the load leveling of electric power consumption.Disulfide compounds have been recently proposed as alternative materials for high-energy cathodes in lithium batteries. 1-14 A series of compounds having -SH groups are thought to have a significant potential as energy storage materials, whereby energy exchange occurs according to a reversible polymerization-depolymerization process (2 SH ↔ S-S). 1,2 Among these compounds, 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole (DMcT) was first studied by Visco and co-workers 6 as an active cathode material for lithium secondary batteries. However, its redox reaction is too slow at room temperature. Thus, to improve the redox dynamics of DM...

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“…Lithium electrodes have attracted considerable attention for ambient, medium, and high temperature battery systems due to their high electropositive potential, low equivalent weight, and tendency to passivate in a variety of nonaqueous catholytes (1). Investigations in this laboratory on sodium/~"-alumina/organosulfur batteries (2)(3)(4)(5)(6) led to the study of ambient temperature lithium/organosulfur systems. Organosulfur positive electrodes are based on the reversible redox dimerization reaction, 2RSSR + 2e-= 2RS-, where R is an organic moiety such as CH3, (C2Hs)2NC~S, CH~CH2OCH2CH2, etc.…”

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confidence: 99%