Sodium-Based Cylindrical Plasmonic Waveguides in the Near-Infrared

Teng, Da; Tian, Yuanming; Hu, Xuemei; Guan, Ziyi; Gao, Wencang; Li, Pengyuan; Fang, Hongli; Yan, Jianjun; Wang, Zhiwen; Wang, Kai

doi:10.3390/nano12121950

Cited by 13 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…Im(ε M ) (for LSPR) [24][25][26]. Although these definitions are slightly different, both values have similar implications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Refractive Index Modulation for Metal Electrodeposition-Based Active Smart Window Applications

Kim,

Kang,

Moon

2024

Micromachines

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One of the remarkable choices for active smart window technology is adopting a metal active layer via reversible metal electrodeposition (RME). As the metal layer efficiently blocks the solar energy gain, even a hundred-nanometer-thick scale, RME-based smart window has great attention. Recent developments are mainly focused on the various cases of electrolyte components and composition meeting technological standards. As metal nanostructures formed through the RME process involve plasmonic phenomena, advanced analysis, including plasmonic optics, which is beyond Beer–Lambert’s law, should be considered. However, as there is a lack of debates on the plasmonic optics applied to RME smart window technology, as research is mainly conducted through an exhaustive process. In this paper, in order to provide insight into the RME-based smart window development and alleviate the unclear part of plasmonic optics applied to the field, finite-difference time-domain electromagnetic simulations are conducted. In total, two extremely low-quality (Cr) and high-quality (Mg) plasmonic materials based on a nanoparticle array are considered as a metal medium. In addition, optical effects caused by the metal active layer, electrolyte, and nanoparticle embedment are investigated in detail. Overall simulations suggest that the effective refractive index is a decisive factor in the performance of RME-based smart windows.

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“…Im(ε M ) (for LSPR) [24][25][26]. Although these definitions are slightly different, both values have similar implications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As there are two types of plasmon resonance (SPP and LSPR), two types of quality factors could be defined. For the spherical nanoparticle, quality factors are defined as

(for SPP) and

(for LSPR) [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Although these definitions are slightly different, both values have similar implications.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refractive Index Modulation for Metal Electrodeposition-Based Active Smart Window Applications

Kim,

Kang,

Moon

2024

Micromachines

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“…The combination of traditional waveguides with SPPs can be used to design waveguides with a long transmission distance and a small effective mode area. Nowadays, there are many kinds of SPP hybrid waveguides, and their performance has been greatly improved [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35]. But with the rapid development of optoelectronic integrated systems, the requirement for waveguides is increasing [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual Coupled Long-Range Hybrid Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide for Sub-Wavelength Confinement

Wang,

Zhao

et al. 2023

Micromachines

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In this paper, a long-range hybrid waveguide for subwavelength confinement based on double SPP coupling is proposed. The hybrid waveguide consists of a metal-based cylindrical hybrid waveguide and a silver nanowire. There are two coupling regions in the waveguide structure that enhance mode coupling. Strong mode coupling enables the waveguide to exhibit both a small effective mode area (0.01) and an extremely long transmission length (700 μm). The figure of merit (FOM) of the waveguide can be as high as 4000. In addition, the cross-sectional area of the waveguide is only 500 nm × 500 nm, allowing optical operation in the subwavelength range, which helps enhance the miniaturization of optoelectronic devices. The excellent characteristics of the hybrid waveguide make it have potential applications in photoelectric integrated systems.

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“…In addition, Na has a low electron density, roughly half that of Ag, which further contributes to the reduced optical loss . Recognizing the great potential of Na as a plasmonic material, several theoretical works investigated the optical performance of Na, including a Na-based plasmonic waveguide in the NIR, a directional coupler waveguide based on Na and graphene, and the formation of surface plasmon modes in Na nanoclusters . Our group demonstrated high-quality optical responses from Na nanoparticles by exciting in-plane and out-of-plane lattice plasmon resonances .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Quality Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Large-Area Sodium Nanostructures

et al. 2023

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Sodium (Na) is predicted to be an ideal plasmonic material with ultralow optical loss across visible to near-infrared (NIR). However, there has been limited research on Na plasmonics. Here we develop a scalable fabrication method for Na nanostructures by combining phase-shift photolithography and a thermo-assisted spin-coating process. Using this method, we fabricated Na nanopit arrays with varying periodicities (300–600 nm) and with tunable surface plasmon polariton (SPP) modes spanning visible to NIR. We achieved SPP resonances as narrow as 9.3 nm. In addition, Na nanostructures showed line width narrowing from visible toward NIR, showing their prospect operating in the NIR. To address the challenges associated with the high reactivity of Na, we designed a simple encapsulation strategy and stabilized the Na nanostructures in ambient conditions for more than two months. As a low-cost and low-loss plasmonic material, Na offers a competitive option for nanophotonic devices and plasmon-enhanced applications.

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Sodium-Based Cylindrical Plasmonic Waveguides in the Near-Infrared

Cited by 13 publications

References 65 publications

Refractive Index Modulation for Metal Electrodeposition-Based Active Smart Window Applications

Refractive Index Modulation for Metal Electrodeposition-Based Active Smart Window Applications

Dual Coupled Long-Range Hybrid Surface Plasmon Polariton Waveguide for Sub-Wavelength Confinement

High-Quality Surface Plasmon Polaritons in Large-Area Sodium Nanostructures

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