Sodium and proton MR properties of cartilage during compression

Regatte, Ravinder R.; Kaufman, Jonathan H.; Noyszewski, Elizabeth A.; Reddy, Ravinder

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2586(199912)10:6<961::aid-jmri8>3.0.co;2-a

Cited by 44 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Different studies reported regional tissue response to physiologic joint loading in the human knee, suggesting that a change in superficial collagen fiber orientation is likely the mechanism for the observed T2 shortening 34. Also, previous T1ρ studies have shown that the relaxation times were reduced in the presence of mechanical loading of cartilage 35. This might explain the fact that there were no significant increased T1ρ values within the cartilage overlying BMEL at the LFC.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Bolbos¹,

Benjamin²,

Link³

et al. 2008

Investigative Radiology

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Objective-The aims of this study were to evaluate the spatial distribution of cartilage structure in controls and patients, and to quantitatively assess the cartilage overlying bone marrow edema-like lesion (BMEL) and within defined cartilage compartments in knees with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears using T1ρ mapping technique at 3 T magnetic resonance imaging.Materials and Methods-The knee joints of 15 healthy controls (4 women, 11 men, mean age = 30.1 year) and 16 patients with ACL tear (5 women, 11 men, mean age = 32.5 years) who showed BMEL was studied using a 3 T GEMR scanner and a quadrature knee coil. The imaging protocol included sequences for cartilage morphology and 3D quantitative T1ρ mapping. Lateral femoral condyle and medial femoral condyles compartments were partitioned into anterior and posterior nonweight-bearing (ant-nwb and postnwb) portions and weight-bearing (wb) portions in all subjects. In patients only, cartilage overlying BMEL and surrounding cartilage portions were also defined. T1ρ values were quantified in cartilage overlying BMEL and surrounding compartments and in each defined compartment of the ACL-injured knees, and compared with controls.Results-Significantly elevated T1ρ values were found in the femoral nonweight-bearing (nwb) portions when compared with weight-bearing (wb) portions both in patients and controls. Significantly increased T1ρ values were found in cartilage overlying BMEL when compared with surrounding cartilage at the lateral tibia (LT), but no difference was found in the lateral femoral condyle. Conclusion-T1ρmapping technique provides tools to quantitatively evaluate the cartilage matrix overlying BMEL in patients with ACL injuries. Cartilage abnormalities are already present following initial ACL injuries over the lateral tibia. Quantitative MRI can allow critical evaluation of medical and surgical treatments for ligament and degenerative conditions of the knee. The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) is the most commonly torn ligament in the knee, with more than 80,000 injuries occurring annually in the United States alone. 1 The rupture of the ACL frequently occurs in young active individuals. The injury is usually a result of a valgus and internal rotational torque to the knee. During the injury, the knee can sublux after ACL rupture and the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) can impact the posterior aspect of the lateral tibia, resulting in the classic bone marrow edema-like lesions (BMELs) or osteochondral lesions within the lateral compartment, also known as the "kissing lesions."2 KeywordsThe prevalence of BMEL in patients with ACL injuries has been reported to be up to 70% to 80%. 3,4 The BMEL is usually located in the middle portion of the lateral femoral condyle and the posterior portion of the lateral tibial plateau. Despite the high prevalence of these BMEL with ACL ruptures, little is known about the clinical consequences of these findings or about their relationship with local and global cartilage degeneration.Magnetic resonance imaging (M...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Bolbos¹,

Benjamin²,

Link³

et al. 2008

Investigative Radiology

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“…A great amount of work has recently been devoted to studying the influence of load on healthy and impaired cartilage matrix [9,10,16,17,26,34,37]. For many of these studies, cartilage plugs were detached from the bone.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of detachment of the articular cartilage from its calcified zone on the cartilage microstructure, assessed by ²H‐spectroscopic double quantum filtered MRI

Keinan‐Adamsky¹,

Shinar²

2005

Journal Orthopaedic Research

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Most studies on articular cartilage properties have been conducted after detachment of the cartilage from the bone. In the present work we investigated the effect of detachment on collagen fiber architecture. We used one-dimensional 2H double quantum filtered MRI on cartilage bone plugs equilibrated in deuterated saline. The quadrupolar splittings observed in the different zones were related to the degree of order and the density of the collagen fibers. The method is non-destructive, allowing for measurements on the same plug without the need for fixation, dehydration, sectioning and decalcification. Detachment of the radial from the calcified zone resulted in swelling of the cartilage plug in physiological saline and a concomitant decrease in the quadrupolar splitting. The effect of mechanical pressure on the 'H quadrupolar splittings for the detached cartilage and for the calcified zone-bone plugs were compared with those of the same zones in the intact cartilage-bone plug. The splitting in the radial zone of the detached cartilage collapsed at much smaller loads compared to the intact cartilage-bone plug. The effect of the load on the size of the cartilage was also greater for the detached plug. These results indicate that anchoring of the cartilage to the bone through the calcified zone plays an important role in retaining the order of the collagen fibers. The water 2H quadrupolar splitting in intact and proteoglycan-depleted cartilage was the same, indicating that the proteoglycans d o not contribute to the ordering of the collagen fibers.

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“…Performing compression experiments under different spatial orientations, Gründer and Kanowski (1998) have shown that changes of cartilage appearance (layering) depend on the orientation relative to the static magnetic field. Regatte et al (1999) reported sodium relaxation parameters to be sensitive to PG depletion both in compressed and in uncompressed cartilage, whereas proton relaxation parameters were only sensitive in compressed cartilage. These studies underline that MRI cannot only be used to derive geometric data on cartilage tissue, but also structural and biochemical properties.…”

Section: In Vitro Deformationmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vivo morphometry and functional analysis of human articular cartilage with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging - from image to data, from data to theory

Eckstein¹,

Reiser

Englmeier

et al. 2001

Anatomy and Embryology

160

126

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Analyses of form-function relationships and disease processes in human articular cartilage necessitate in vivo assessment of cartilage morphology and deformational behavior. MR imaging and advanced digital post-processing techniques have opened novel possibilities for quantitative analysis of cartilage morphology, structure, and function in health and disease. This article reviews work on three-dimensional post-processing of MR image data of articular cartilage, summarizing studies on the accuracy and precision of quantitative analyses in human joints. It presents normative values on cartilage volume, thickness, and joint surface areas in the human knee, and describes the correlation between different joints and joint surfaces as well as their association with gender, body dimensions, and age. The article summarizes ongoing work on functional adaptation of articular cartilage to mechanical loading, analyses of in situ cartilage deformation in intact joints in vivo and in vitro, and the quantitative evaluation of cartilage tissue loss in osteoarthritis. We describe evolving techniques for assessment of the structural/biochemical composition of articular cartilage, and discuss future perspectives of quantitative cartilage imaging in the context of joint mechanics, mechano-adaptation, epidemiology, and osteoarthritis research. Specifically, we show that fat-suppressed gradient echo sequences permit valid analysis of cartilage morphology, both in healthy and severely osteoarthritic joints, as well as highly reproducible measurements (CV%=1 to 3% in the knee, and 2 to 10% in the ankle). Relatively small differences in cartilage morphology exist between both limbs of the same person (approximately 5%), but large differences between individuals (CV% approximately 20%). Men display only slightly thicker cartilage then women (approximately 10%), but significantly larger joint surface areas (approximately 25%), even when accounting for differences in body weight and height. Weight and height represent relatively poor predictors of cartilage thickness (r2 <15%), but muscle cross section areas display more promising correlations (r2 >40%). The level of physical exercise (sportive activity) does not account for interindividual differences in cartilage thickness. The thickness appears to decrease slightly in the elderly--in particular in women, even in the absence of osteoarthritic cartilage lesions. Strenuous physical exercises (e.g., knee bends) cause a 6% patellar cartilage deformation in young individuals, but significantly less deformation in elderly men and women (<3%). The time required for full recovery after exercise (fluid flow back into the matrix) is relatively long (approximately 90 min). Static in situ compression of femoropatellar cartilage with 150% body weight produces large deformations after 4 h (approximately 30% volume change), but only very little deformation during the first minutes of loading. Quantitative analyses of magnetization transfer and proton density hold promise for biochemical evaluation of a...

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Sodium and proton MR properties of cartilage during compression

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The effect of detachment of the articular cartilage from its calcified zone on the cartilage microstructure, assessed by ²H‐spectroscopic double quantum filtered MRI

In vivo morphometry and functional analysis of human articular cartilage with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging - from image to data, from data to theory

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Sodium and proton MR properties of cartilage during compression

Cited by 44 publications

References 18 publications

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

In Vivo T1ρ Quantitative Assessment of Knee Cartilage After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury Using 3 Tesla Magnetic Resonance Imaging

The effect of detachment of the articular cartilage from its calcified zone on the cartilage microstructure, assessed by 2H‐spectroscopic double quantum filtered MRI

In vivo morphometry and functional analysis of human articular cartilage with quantitative magnetic resonance imaging - from image to data, from data to theory

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The effect of detachment of the articular cartilage from its calcified zone on the cartilage microstructure, assessed by ²H‐spectroscopic double quantum filtered MRI