Sodium-alginate-based proton-exchange membranes as electrolytes for DMFCs

Mohanapriya, S.; Bhat, Santoshkumar D.; Sahu, A. K.; Manokaran, A.; Vijayakumar, R.; Pitchumani, S.; Sridhar, P.; Shukla, A. K.

doi:10.1039/c0ee00033g

Cited by 91 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…23 The high proton conductivity is attributed to sequential proton hopping among hydroxyl groups within the chitosan matrix under applied electrical field. 24 Figure 2(b) shows the specific capacitance of the chitosan-based electrolyte film as a function of frequency. A maximum capacitance (C) of $4 lF/cm 2 is obtained at 1 Hz.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Chao

Zhu

Xiao

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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Modulation of charge carrier density in condensed materials based on ionic/electronic interaction has attracted much attention. Here, protonic/electronic hybrid indium-zinc-oxide (IZO) transistors gated by chitosan based electrolyte were obtained. The chitosan-based electrolyte illustrates a high proton conductivity and an extremely strong proton gating behavior. The transistor illustrates good electrical performances at a low operating voltage of ∼1.0 V such as on/off ratio of ∼3 × 107, subthreshold swing of ∼65 mV/dec, threshold voltage of ∼0.3 V, and mobility of ∼7 cm2/V s. Good positive gate bias stress stabilities are obtained. Furthermore, a low voltage driven resistor-loaded inverter was built by using an IZO transistor in series with a load resistor, exhibiting a linear relationship between the voltage gain and the supplied voltage. The inverter is also used for decreasing noises of input signals. The protonic/electronic hybrid IZO transistors have potential applications in biochemical sensors and portable electronics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Chao

Zhu

Xiao

et al. 2015

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…These results are expected considering the general trend of increasing conductivity with increasing temperatures in many ion exchange membranes. 39 The effect of FGO content on the OH − conductivity of these nanocomposites was also investigated. The results shown in Figure 13 also indicate that in terms of OH − conductivity, the inclusion of FGO into the PVA/PDDA SIPNs has a positive effect.…”

Section: Fgo-polymer Nanocomposite Aem Characterization-images Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Graphene Oxide–Polymer Nanocomposite Anion-Exchange Membranes

Movil

Frank

2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Functionalized graphene oxide (FGO) was incorporated into polyvinyl alcohol/ poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) semiinterpenetrating polymer networks (PVA/PDA SIPNs) in order to create novel nanocomposite anion-exchange membranes (AEMs) with improved OH − conductivity and good thermo-mechanical stability at high relative humidity. The nanocomposites were fabricated by a solvent-casting method and subsequently thermally crosslinked to improve their mechanical stability in the hydrated state. The effects of PVA/PDDA ratio, cross-linking method, cross-linking temperature, and FGO content were studied in order to determine the optimal conditions to fabricate AEMs with improved material properties. The membranes were characterized by XRD, FTIR, TGA, FE-SEM, and impedance spectroscopy to assess the material properties of FGO and the nanocomposite membranes. The membranes were also evaluated as polymer electrolytes in anion exchange membrane fuel cells. The results reveal that the membrane fabricated at a PVA/PDDA weight ratio of 70/30 and 20 wt% FGO possesses the highest value of OH − conductivity (12.1 mS cm −1 @ 30 • C and 21 mS cm −1 @ 80 • C), as well as improved thermo-mechanical stability at 100% R.H. However, the fuel cell performance reaches a maximum using the membrane fabricated at 10 wt% FGO. Anion exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) have attracted considerable attention during the last few years due to some advantages that these kinds of systems offer compared to proton exchange membranes fuel cells (PEMFCs).1,2 For example, thanks to the facile kinetics for electrochemical charge transfer in alkaline environments, it is possible to use less expensive catalysts like nickel and silver in AEM-based fuel cells. 3 In terms of the fuel management, it is also possible to use concentrated fuels to operate these devices, because of the often reduced fuel crossover in AEMs. 4 Unfortunately, AEMFCs have some issues, specifically related to the polyelectrolyte performance. In general, AEMs have lower ionic conductivity than PEMs, mostly due to the fact that conductivity of OH − is intrinsically lower than H + . 5 Another concern with the use of AEMs is the degradation of their cationic groups in strong alkaline media. 6 In addition, AEMs usually exhibit poor solubility in low boiling point and inexpensive solvents, leading to less environmentallyfriendly fabrication processes with high costs and high degree of complexity. 7In order to overcome these limitations, a wide variety of membranes have been proposed during the last few decades as AEMs, including homopolymers, heterogeneous membranes and semi-interpenetrating polymer networks (SIPNs). [8][9][10][11] Among the various options available, SIPNs have gained relevance due to ease of fabrication, acceptable ionic conductivities, and excellent mechanical properties.12-14 More specifically, poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PVA/PDDA) SIPNs are promising membranes for applications in electrochemical energy systems mainly because PVA is ...

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“…More weight loss in case of hybrid membrane comprising unmodified SWA may be attributed to the leach out of SWA. Leaching of SWA was reduced due to the coulombic interaction between hydroxyl groups of membrane hybrid and caesium-stabilized SWA and also the formation of hydrogen bonds between blend and [XM 12 O 40 ] n− anion of heteropoly acids, established through FT-IR, based on our earlier reported studies [21,47,48].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The density measurement is free from the abovementioned problem. Determination of methanol crossover using density measurement method has already been reported elsewhere [48].…”

Section: Methanol Permeation Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was also found that CS-hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), CSgelatin (GL), and sodium alginate (NaAlg)-PVA blends on modification by incorporating HPAs can be successfully employed as solid polymer electrolyte membranes for DMFCs owing to their low cost and excellent methanol barrier properties in relation to commercially available membranes [40,48,49].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Natural and synthetic solid polymer hybrid dual network membranes as electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells

Meenakshi

Bhat

Sahu

et al. 2011

J Solid State Electrochem

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Hybrid dual-network membranes comprising chitosan (CS)-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) networks crosslinked with sulfosuccinic acid (SSA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) and modified with stabilized silicotungstic acid (SWA) are reported for their application in direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). Physico-chemical properties of these membranes are evaluated using thermo-gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with their mechanical properties. Based on water sorption and proton conductivity measurements for the membranes, the optimum content of 10 wt.% SWA in the membrane is established. The methanol crossover for these membranes are studied by measuring the mass balance of methanol using density meter and are found to be lower compared to Nafion-117 membrane. The membrane-electrode assembly with 10 wt.% stabilized SWA-CS-PVA hybrid membrane with SSA and GA as crosslinking agent delivers a peak power density of 156 mW cm −2 at a load current density of 400 mA cm −2 and 88 mW cm −2 at a load current density of 300 mA cm −2 , respectively, in DMFC at 70°C.

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Sodium-alginate-based proton-exchange membranes as electrolytes for DMFCs

Cited by 91 publications

References 52 publications

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Protonic/electronic hybrid oxide transistor gated by chitosan and its full-swing low voltage inverter applications

Graphene Oxide–Polymer Nanocomposite Anion-Exchange Membranes

Natural and synthetic solid polymer hybrid dual network membranes as electrolytes for direct methanol fuel cells

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