Sodium activity in liquid sodium-tin alloys

Liquid Metal Batteries: Past, Present, and Future

“…Experimental measurements of enthalpies of reaction, electromotive force, vapor pressure, and chemical equilibrium have been made to determine the thermodynamic activities of most binary alloys as a function of mole fraction and temperature [ a A = f ( x A , T )] and are readily available in the literature. ,,− These data can be used to calculate the theoretical cell discharge profile of an electrode couple; however, a detailed comparison of the multitude of possible liquid metal battery electrode couples is impractical due to the wide variety of phase behavior exhibited in binary alloy systems. To address this issue, an imprecise, but effective method for estimating cell voltages for binary alloy electrode couples is constructed here.…”

Thermodynamic Properties of Solutions of Group IV Metals Dissolved in Liquid Sodium

“…The ceLL and experimental procedure.--The electrochemical cell used in this investigation is represented by the cell reaction Na I Na+ I Na-Sn [1] Pyrex has been shown to be a suitable material for selective sodium cation transfer (2,5,6) and it was used for the electrolyte in this study. The design of the cell, the ancillary equipment, and the experimental procedure have been described in detail in an earlier paper (6).…”

“…More recently, Yuan and KrSger (5) have reported the results of a study of concentrated tin solutions in liquid sodium thereby completing the work needed to detail the thermodynamic properties for the high concentration region. We have made an extensive investigation of the dilute concentration region below 20 a/o Sn and report the results herein.…”