Sodium 1‐Naphthalenesulfonate‐Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Stabilizes Silver Nanoparticles with Lower Cytotoxicity and Long‐Term Antibacterial Activity

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in daily life for their antibacterial properties, but their low stability and high cytotoxicity hamper practical applications. In this work, sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (NA-rGO) was used as a substrate for AgNPs to produce a AgNP-NA-rGO hybrid. This hybrid showed substantially higher antibacterial activity than polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP)-stabilized AgNPs, and the AgNPs on NA-rGO were more stable than the AgNPs on PVP, resulting in long-term antibacterial effects. More importantly, this hybrid showed excellent water solubility and low cytotoxicity, suggesting the great potential application as sprayable reduced graphene oxide based antibacterial solutions.

Is Graphene a Promising Nano-Material for Promoting Surface Modification of Implants or Scaffold Materials in Bone Tissue Engineering?

“…[59][60][61][62] Chng and Pumera investigated the cytotoxic effects of GOs prepared by different oxidative treatments (the Staudenmaier, Hoffmann, Hummers, and Tour methods). The results showed differing cytotoxicities of GO.…”

“…60 However, when cancer cell lines were used, decreases in cell viability were lower in most cases. 59,65,66 There are a few in vivo studies with regard to the biocompatibility of graphene and its derivatives.…”

Study on the antibacterial mechanism of copper ion- and neodymium ion-modified α-zirconium phosphate with better antibacterial activity and lower cytotoxicity

“…Hence, the Cu 2+ and/or Nd 3+ might be a substitute for Na + and vacancy, leading to the generation of M@ZrP. On the other hand, previous research has noted that the standard free energy of exchange between Na + and Cu 2+ in some carriers was positive [4,31], signifying the substitution reaction was not spontaneous, which probably led to the low content of Cu 2+ [12]. Nevertheless, to our surprise, the atomic content and weight content of copper in Cu@ZrP reached 17.11% and 18.75%, and those in Cu-Nd@ZrP1 reached 10.23% and 10.39% even if other types of ion were coexistent, indicating the high content of Cu 2+ .…”

“…[3]. Among the different inorganic antibacterial materials, silver, particularly in the form of the free ion, has been studied widely as antibacterial material because of its lower toxicity and higher antibacterial activity [4,5]. Nevertheless, the application of silver-based antibacterial material is limited because of silver's poor oxidation resistance, which results in the loss of antibacterial activity.…”

Solid–liquid equilibrium of ternary system sodium 1-naphthalenesulfonate + sodium 2-naphthalenesulfonate + water at (283.15, 303.15 and 323.15) K

“…130-14-3) is a valuable regent which is widely used in the functionalized reduced graphene oxide stabilization of silver nanoparticles [1]. Meanwhile, this is an intermediate in the manufacturing of 8-Anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate [2] and 8-p-toluidino-1-naphthalenesulfonate [3], and in many other applications.…”