Socioeconomic status discrimination and C-reactive protein in African-American and White adults

Dyke, Miriam E. Van; Vaccarino, Viola; Dunbar, Sandra B.; Pemu, Priscilla; Gibbons, Gary H.; Quyyumi, Arshed A.; Lewis, Tené T.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.04.009

Cited by 39 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 61 publications

(81 reference statements)

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“…The EOD scale was modified with an additional question regarding discrimination “while staying in a shelter, SRO, or residential treatment.” For each of the aforementioned settings, the 10‐item EOD asked (yes/no) “Have you ever experienced discrimination, been prevented from doing something, or been hassled or made to feel inferior because of your gender identity or presentation, or race ethnicity or color?” Each question verifying setting‐based discrimination was followed by a question clarifying if the experienced discrimination was related to gender identity or presentation, race/ethnicity or both. Situation scores for gender identity, race and both gender identity and race were skewed and therefore dichotomized (yes/no) as in past studies . Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for the present study.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…Each question verifying setting-based discrimination was followed by a question clarifying if the experienced discrimination was related to gender identity or presentation, race/ethnicity or both. Situation scores for gender identity, race and both gender identity and race were skewed and therefore dichotomized (yes/no) as in past studies [15]. Cronbach's alpha was 0.76 for the present study.…”

Section: Experiences Of Discrimination Scalementioning

confidence: 80%

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Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

et al. 2019

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Introduction To examine the HIV care continuum for transwomen living in San Francisco and to determine factors associated with poor HIV ‐related health outcomes. Methods Data were collected from 2016 to 2017 with transwomen in San Francisco. Respondent‐driven sampling ( RDS ) was used to recruit a population‐based sample. Bivariate associations were assessed, and RDS ‐weighted multivariable logistic regression was used to identify associations between exposures and outcomes along the HIV care continuum. Results Of the 123 self‐identified transwomen in this analysis, ages ranged from 23 to 71 years with a majority identifying as Latina (40.8%) and African American (29.2%). An estimate of 14.3% of participants were not engaged in care, 13% were not currently on antiretroviral therapy ( ART ), 22.2% had a self‐reported detectable viral load and 13.5% had unknown viral load. Those using hormones had lower odds of not being on ART compared to those who did not use hormones. Those with unstable housing had a higher relative risk ratio of having a detectable viral load. Those who experienced both anti‐trans discrimination and racism had higher odds of not being in HIV care. Conclusions San Francisco has made substantial progress engaging transwomen in the HIV care continuum, but the final push to ensure viral suppression will require addressing social determinants. Future interventions to increase HIV care engagement, ART use and viral suppression among transwomen must address housing needs and risks related to the overlapping effect of both anti‐trans discrimination and racism.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Experiences Of Discrimination Scalementioning

confidence: 80%

Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

et al. 2019

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“…To calculate BMI, height and weight were measured to the nearest 0.5 cm using a Health O Meter mechanical beam scale and height rod. Waist circumference was measured at the top of the iliac crest, to the nearest 0.5 cm. Immune : Previous research has confirmed the validity of salivary CRP measurement and its association with psychological stress and health (Dhingra et al, 2007, Truba et al, 2018, Van Dyke et al, 2017). We measured CRP using the third in-office saliva sample and analyzed the biomarker using the Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) from Salimetrics LLC, Carlsbad, CA, USA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 98%

The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation

Moon-Riley

Copeland

Metz

et al. 2019

SSM - Population Health

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We investigated the biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the adult children of survivors, operationalized through allostatic load (AL); and the extent to which intergenerational trauma, operationalized through adverse childhood experience (ACE) score, mediated this association. Data were collected in-person from a university-based sample of Indigenous adults (N = 90, mean age: 28 years) in a mid-sized city in western Canada between 2015 and 2016. Associations were analyzed in multinominal regression models, with terciled AL and ACE scores as outcomes. The cross-products of coefficients method was used to test mediation. Overall, 42.7% and 33.7% reported their mother and father had attended residential school; respectively. In an adjusted model, maternal, but not paternal, residential school attendance was a risk factor associated with a moderate increase in AL among her adult children. The strength of this association did not change when the analysis was limited to mothers who raised their children. Maternal and paternal residential school attendance were each associated with increased ACE score among adults raised by survivors. However, ACE score did not explain the association between maternal residential school attendance and offspring AL score in mediational analyses. The present findings suggest colonial residential school experiences may have become biologically embedded, passed to subsequent generations, and exhibited through the dysregulation of allostatic systems among the adult children of maternal residential school survivors. Maternal exposure to residential school influenced biological dysregulation among her adult children in ways that could not be further exacerbated by her children's exposure to ACEs. The Canadian Truth and Reconciliation Commission asked governments to acknowledge the impact of residential schools on the current state of Indigenous health. Our findings underline the importance of this call by demonstrating how the residential school experience may get under the skin to impact the health of the next generation.

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“…Potential confounders (assessed at Examination 1) were selected based on the existing literature regarding factors related to discriminatory experiences, adiposity, and systemic inflammation. Age in years, 23 biological sex, 18 and educational attainment 17 (less than high school; high school diploma or GED; or attended trade school, vocational school, or college) were self-reported. Self-reported smoking 23 was categorized based on American Heart Association criteria: poor (current smokers), intermediate (quit <12 months ago), and ideal (quit ≥12 months ago or never smokers).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived Discrimination and Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein: The Jackson Heart Study

Sims

Glover

et al. 2020

American Journal of Preventive Medicine

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Introduction: Perceiving discriminatory treatment may contribute to systemic inflammation, a risk factor of cardiovascular pathophysiology. This study evaluated the association of self-reported discrimination with changes in high−sensitivity C-reactive protein and the mediating role of adiposity. Methods: The sample included 5,145 African-Americans, aged 21−92 years, in the Jackson Heart Study. Everyday, lifetime, and burden from perceived discrimination comprised primary predictors in 3 sets of multivariable linear regression models of baseline (2000−2004) discrimination and natural logarithm of high−sensitivity C-reactive protein. Multivariable linear mixed models assessed mean changes in natural logarithm of high−sensitivity C-reactive protein over the study period (2000−2013). Mediation was quantified by percentage changes in estimates adjusted for BMI, waist circumference, and waist-to-height ratio. Multiple imputation addressed missingness in baseline covariates and in high−sensitivity C-reactive protein taken at all 3 study examinations. Analyses were conducted in 2018. Results: In cross-sectional analyses, male participants in the middle and highest tertiles of lifetime discrimination had natural logarithm of high−sensitivity C-reactive protein levels that were 0.13 (95% CI= À0.24, À0.01) and 0.15 (95% CI= À0.27, À0.02) natural logarithm(mg/dL) lower than those in the lowest tertile. In longitudinal analyses, all participants reporting more frequent everyday discrimination had a 0.07 natural logarithm(mg/dL) greater increase in natural logarithm of high−sensitivity C-reactive protein per examination than those reporting none (95% CI=0.01, 0.12). A similar trend emerged for lifetime discrimination and changes in natural logarithm of high −sensitivity C-reactive protein (adjusted mean increase per visit: 0.04 natural logarithm[mg/dL], 95% CI=0.01, 0.08). Adiposity did not mediate the longitudinal associations. Conclusions: Everyday and lifetime discrimination were associated with significant high−sensitivity C-reactive protein increases over 13 years. The physiologic response to discrimination may lead to systemic inflammation.

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Socioeconomic status discrimination and C-reactive protein in African-American and White adults

Cited by 39 publications

References 61 publications

Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

Successes and final challenges along the HIV care continuum with transwomen in San Francisco

The biological impacts of Indigenous residential school attendance on the next generation

Perceived Discrimination and Trajectories of C-Reactive Protein: The Jackson Heart Study

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