Socioeconomic status and risk of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cancer of the gastric cardia in Scotland

Brewster, David H.; Fraser, Lesley; McKinney, P A; Black, Robert B.

doi:10.1054/bjoc.2000.1110

Cited by 49 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 16 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…We also observed that high income and high degree of education were protective factors of gastric cardia cancer, which was consistent with the studies more than 10 years ago (Brewster et al, 2000;Sun et al, 2002). Low socio-economic status and poor education were still the key factors on the life style and dietary structure for the rural resident in Linzhou.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

Sun¹,

Chang²,

Cui³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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Gastric cancer is the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths in the world. Although certain dietary factors and lifestyles have been suggested to be associated with gastric carcinogenesis, there have been few investigations focusing on rural areas. A case-control study was therefore carried out to investigate the risk factors of gastric cardia cancer (GCC) in rural areas of Linzhou. A total of 470 newly diagnosed cases of GCC and 470 healthy controls were included. Face-to-face interviews were conducted, using a uniform questionnaire containing questions on demographics, per capita income, living habits, dietary habits and family history of tumors. The relationship between putative risk factors and GCC was assessed by odds ratios (

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

Sun¹,

Chang²,

Cui³

et al. 2013

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…The present study used two measures of socioeconomic status, the Townsend score based on the 1991 census using regional quintiles and the IMD 2004 using national quintiles based on 2001 data, with almost identical results, showing there was no association between socioeconomic status and EAC. Thus it is unlikely that deprivation or affluence contributes to the development of EAC in England, in keeping with findings in Scotland from 1987 to 1996 [17].…”

Section: Easr Per 100000supporting

confidence: 73%

“…A direct comparison of ESCC and EAC in Australia suggests ESCC is more clearly associated with deprivation [16]. The influence of socioeconomic status upon the incidence of EAC has yet to be examined in England, although no association was found in Scotland [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of deprivation and ethnicity on the incidence of esophageal cancer in England

Cooper

Day

Brooks

et al. 2009

Cancer Causes Control

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The incidence of esophageal cancer (EC), particularly esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), has been rising dramatically. In the USA, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is associated with deprivation and black ethnicity, while EAC is more common among whites. The influence of social deprivation and ethnicity has not been studied in England. West Midlands Cancer Intelligence Unit data were used to study the incidence of ESCC and EAC, and the influence of age, sex, socioeconomic status (Townsend quintiles by postcode) and ethnicity (to individual patients from Hospital Episode Statistics). From 1977 to 2004, a total of 15,138 EC were identified. Five-year directly age standardized incidence rates per 100,000 (95% CI) for men increased from 8.6 (8.0-9.1) in 1977-1981 to 13.7 (13.1-14.3) in 2000-2004 and for women from 5.0 (4.7-5.4) to 6.3 (5.9-6.6). ESCC incidence did not alter, but EAC incidence rose rapidly in males [2.1 (1.9-2.4) to 8.5 (8.1-9.0)] and in females [0.5 (0.4-0.6) to 1.7 (1.5-1.9)]. ESCC was strongly associated with the most socially deprived quintile. EAC was not associated with differences in socioeconomic status. EAC was significantly more common in white men 7.3 (6.9-7.7) and women 1.5 (1.3-1.6) when compared with black and Asian populations. In England the incidence of EAC has rapidly risen, particularly in men over the last three decades. ESCC was strongly associated with social deprivation. EAC was more common in white populations, but no association with the socioeconomic status was found.

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“…Indeed, body mass index seems to be inversely related to the risk of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma. The influence of obesity on oesophageal adenocarcinoma and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma may be related to higher incidence of gastroesophageal reflux in obese persons, since the risk of gastroesophageal reflux is strongly related to the risk for Barrett's oesophagus [34][35][36][37]. Tobacco smoking is a strong risk factor for oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma, but is only a weak risk factor for oesophageal adenocarcinoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing incidence of gastric and oesophageal cancer subtypes in central Switzerland between 1982 and 2007

2009

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Several Western countries have reported a decrease in the incidence of noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma and a strong increase in the incidence of oesophageal and cardia adenocarcinoma. We examined incidence rates of gastric and oesophageal cancer by subsite and histology in Central Switzerland over the last 26 years. Data on biopsy-diagnosed gastric and oesophageal carcinoma incidence during 1982-2007 were obtained from the Cancer Registry of the Institute of Pathology, Lucerne, the Medical Centre for Central Switzerland. Age-adjusted (standardized to the European standard population), and sex-specific incidence rates were calculated. In total, 2,322 cancers were diagnosed: 1,240 noncardia gastric adenocarcinomas, 459 cardia gastric adenocarcinomas, 248 oesophageal adenocarcinomas, and 375 squamous cell carcinomas. From 1982 to 2007, the incidence rates of noncardia adenocarcinoma decreased substantially from 17.9 (per 100,000) to 6.0 in men and 10.3 to 5.5 in women. In men, the incidence of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma decreased from 7.5 to 4.3, the incidence of oesophageal adenocarcinoma increased from 3.3 to 4.8, and the incidence of oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma decreased from 6.6 to 4.1; the incidence rates of these cancers were low in women (1.1-2.4). In conclusion, the incidence of gastric noncardia carcinoma has decreased substantially over the past 26 years. In contrast to other Western countries, the incidence of gastric cardia adenocarcinoma did not increase in Central Switzerland. Whereas the rate of oesophageal adenocarcinoma increased, the rate of squamous cell carcinoma decreased. These results suggest substantial changes in environmental and life-style risk factors over the past 26 years.

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Socioeconomic status and risk of adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus and cancer of the gastric cardia in Scotland

Cited by 49 publications

References 16 publications

A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

A Population-based Case-control Study on Risk Factors for Gastric Cardia Cancer in Rural Areas of Linzhou

The influence of deprivation and ethnicity on the incidence of esophageal cancer in England

Changing incidence of gastric and oesophageal cancer subtypes in central Switzerland between 1982 and 2007

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