Socioeconomic Status and Health: What We Know and What We Don't

Adler, Nancy E.; Ostrove, Joan M.

doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb08101.x

Cited by 1,267 publications

(911 citation statements)

References 41 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…As shown in our data, foreign‐born Hispanic adults are significantly older and have lower educational attainment than both US‐born Hispanic and NHW adults. The gradient between socioeconomic status and health has been extensively documented 33, 34. It is likely that lower socioeconomic status among foreign‐born Hispanics translates to worse CVD risk profiles and access to care and thus higher CVD death rates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nativity Status and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Adults

Rodríguez

Hastings

et al. 2017

JAHA

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BackgroundHispanic persons represent a heterogeneous and growing population of any race with origins in Mexico, the Caribbean, Central America, South America, or other Spanish‐speaking countries. Previous studies have documented variation in cardiovascular risk and outcomes among Hispanic subgroups. Few studies have investigated whether these patterns vary by nativity status among Hispanic subgroups.Methods and ResultsWe used the National Center for Health Statistics mortality file to compare deaths of Hispanic (n=1 258 229) and non‐Hispanic white (n=18 149 774) adults (aged ≥25 years) from 2003 to 2012. We identified all deaths related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and categorized them by subtype (all CVD, ischemic, or cerebrovascular) using the underlying cause of death (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision codes I00–I78, I20–I25, and I60–I69, respectively). Population estimates were calculated using linear interpolation from the 2000 and 2010 US censuses. CVD accounted for 31% of all deaths among Hispanic adults. Race/ethnicity and nativity status were recorded on death certificates by the funeral director using state guidelines. Nativity status was defined as foreign versus US born; 58% of Hispanic decedents were foreign born. Overall, Hispanic adults had lower age‐adjusted CVD mortality rates than non‐Hispanic white adults (296 versus 385 per 100 000). Foreign‐born Cubans, Mexicans, and Puerto Ricans had higher CVD mortality than their US‐born counterparts (rate ratio: 2.64 [95% confidence interval, 2.46–2.81], 1.17 [95% confidence interval, 1.15–1.21], and 1.91 [95% confidence interval, 1.83–1.99], respectively).ConclusionsMortality rates for total cardiovascular, ischemic, and cerebrovascular disease are higher among foreign‐ than US‐born Hispanic adults. These findings suggest the importance of disaggregating CVD mortality by disease subtype, Hispanic subgroup, and nativity status.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nativity Status and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Adults

Rodríguez

Hastings

et al. 2017

JAHA

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“…Other research went on to confirm the independent association of grade, after controlling for known risk factors, with common diseases (Marmot, Shipley and Rose, 1984) and in women as well as men (Marmot et al, 1991;Ferrie et al, 2002). This statistical association has now been found in many populations (Adams et al, 2003;Adler and Ostrove, 1999;Adler et al, 1993).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Mortality and immortality: The Nobel Prize as an experiment into the effect of status upon longevity

Rablen

Oswald

2008

Journal of Health Economics

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It has been known for centuries that the rich and famous have longer lives than the poor and ordinary. Causality, however, remains trenchantly debated. The ideal experiment would be one in which extra status could somehow be dropped upon a sub-sample of individuals while those in a control group of comparable individuals received none. This paper attempts to formulate a test in that spirit. It collects 19th-century birth data on science Nobel Prize winners. Correcting for potential biases, we estimate that winning the Prize, compared to merely being nominated, is associated with between 1 and 2 years of extra longevity.JEL classification: I12

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“…There are currently no established thresholds of clinical or practical importance with regard to socio-economic differences in food purchasing choices. However, even small differences in health-promoting behaviours over time may make an important contribution to the marked socio-economic differences in chronic health conditions that are consistently found (66)(67)(68) .…”

Section: Study Limitations and Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The contribution of three components of nutrition knowledge to socio-economic differences in food purchasing choices

McKinnon

Giskes

Turrell

2013

Public Health Nutr.

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Objectives: To assess socio-economic differences in three components of nutrition knowledge, i.e. knowledge of (i) the relationship between diet and disease, (ii) the nutrient content of foods and (iii) dietary guideline recommendations; furthermore, to determine if socio-economic differences in nutrition knowledge contribute to inequalities in food purchasing choices. Design: The cross-sectional study considered household food purchasing, nutrition knowledge, socio-economic and demographic information. Household food purchasing choices were summarised by three indices, based on self-reported purchasing of sixteen groceries, nineteen fruits and twenty-one vegetables. Socio-economic position (SEP) was measured by household income and education. Associations between SEP, nutrition knowledge and food purchasing were examined using general linear models adjusted for age, gender, household type and household size. Setting: Brisbane, Australia in 2000. Subjects: Main household food shoppers (n 1003, response rate 66?4 %), located in fifty small areas (Census Collectors Districts). Results: Shoppers in households of low SEP made food purchasing choices that were less consistent with dietary guideline recommendations: they were more likely to purchase grocery foods comparatively higher in salt, sugar and fat, and lower in fibre, and they purchased a narrower range of fruits and vegetables. Those of higher SEP had greater nutrition knowledge and this factor attenuated most associations between SEP and food purchasing choices. Among nutrition knowledge factors, knowledge of the relationship between diet and disease made the greatest and most consistent contribution to explaining socio-economic differences in food purchasing. Conclusions: Addressing inequalities in nutrition knowledge is likely to reduce socio-economic differences in compliance with dietary guidelines. Improving knowledge of the relationship between diet and disease appears to be a particularly relevant focus for health promotion aimed to reduce socio-economic differences in diet and related health inequalities.

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Socioeconomic Status and Health: What We Know and What We Don't

Cited by 1,267 publications

References 41 publications

Nativity Status and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Adults

Nativity Status and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Among Hispanic Adults

Mortality and immortality: The Nobel Prize as an experiment into the effect of status upon longevity

The contribution of three components of nutrition knowledge to socio-economic differences in food purchasing choices

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