Socioeconomic status and differential psychological and immune responses to a human-caused disaster

Jiang, Yanping; Zilioli, Samuele; Rodriguez-Stanley, Jacqueline; Peek, Kristen; Cutchin, Malcolm P.

doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2020.05.046

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These results showed that the perception of social support was closely related to the socioeconomic status of veterans. This association between perceived social support and socioeconomic status has been found in a number of other studies [ 26 , 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Role of Perceived Social Support in Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Veterans

et al. 2020

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This study aims to establish the effect of self-perceived social support on the intensity of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) symptoms and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life (MHRQoL) in veterans more than two decades after exposure to trauma in the Homeland War in Croatia, which took place from 1990 to 1995. The sample comprised 259 Croatian Homeland War veterans diagnosed with PTSD, with at least 6 months of combat experience. Among them, 90 subjects had also experienced imprisonment in enemy prison camps (at least 1 month of captivity). The subjects were evaluated using the questionnaire on self-perceived social support, sociodemographic questionnaire, PTSD self-report checklist (PCL-5) and Short Form (SF-36) Health Survey questionnaire. A general regression model analysis was performed to determine whether social support affected patients’ MHRQoL and intensity of the PTSD symptoms. The obtained results showed that veterans who had a more positive perception of social support after the events of the war had less intense PTSD symptoms and better MHRQoL. Furthermore, captivity and socioeconomic status were shown to be important predictors of PTSD and MHRQoL. The nonimprisoned veteran group was more likely to develop more severe PTSD symptoms and have poorer MHRQoL compared to the group of former prisoners of war (ex-POWs). This could be due to better post-war care and social support, which ex-POWs received after their release from captivity.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

The Role of Perceived Social Support in Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Veterans

et al. 2020

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“…In terms of expenditure levels, we found that being in the middle and upper expenditure levels was protective of contracting COVID-19, which supports evidence from previous studies that low socioeconomic status and expenditure may increase the risk of COVID-19 infection [ 17 , 36 ]. A potential explanation may be the lower compliance of lower-expenditure people in applying protective measures, such as wearing masks, physical distancing, and washing hands [ 37 , 38 ] and the lower immune system of those with a lower socioeconomic status due to higher stress levels and a higher allostatic load, which makes them more susceptible to COVID-19 [ 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Correlates of COVID-19 Infections among Hospital Workers in the Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Bella

Akbar

Kusnadi

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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(1) Background: because of close contacts with COVID-19 patients, hospital workers are among the highest risk groups for infection. This study examined the socioeconomic and behavioral correlates of COVID-19 infection among hospital workers in Indonesia, the country hardest-hit by the disease in the Southeast Asia region. (2) Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study, which collected data from 1397 hospital staff from eight hospitals in the Greater Jakarta area during April–July 2020. The data was collected using an online self-administered questionnaire and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) tests. We employed descriptive statistics and adjusted and unadjusted logistic regressions to analyze the data of hospital workers as well as the subgroups of healthcare and non-healthcare workers. (3) Results: from a total of 1397 hospital staff in the study, 22 (1.6%) were infected. In terms of correlates, being a healthcare worker (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 8.31, 95% CI 1.27–54.54) and having a household size of more than five (AOR = 4.09, 1.02–16.43) were significantly associated with a higher risk of infection. On the other hand, those with middle- and upper-expenditure levels were shown to have a lower risk of infection (AOR = 0.06, 0.01–0.66). Behavioral factors associated with COVID-19 infection among healthcare and non-healthcare workers included knowledge of standard personal protective equipment (PPE) (AOR = 0.08, 0.01–0.54) and application of the six-step handwashing technique (AOR = 0.32, 0.12–0.83). (4) Conclusion: among hospital staff, correlates of COVID-19 infection included being a healthcare worker, household size, expenditure level, knowledge and use of PPE, and application of appropriate hand washing techniques.

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“…In contrast, most patients with COVID-19 develop detectable IgG antibody levels for SARS-CoV-2 within 2 weeks of symptom onset. 8 In addition, critically ill patients have been found to develop high levels of antibodies for SARS-CoV-2. 8 We hypothesize that a limited antibody response contributed to impaired nasopharyngeal viral clearance, given the multiple positive results of the PCR tests for SARS-CoV-2 during the patient's hospitalization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

A fatal case of coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency

Mullur

Wang

Feldweg

2021

Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology

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Chronic urticaria has detrimental effects on the quality of life and mental health, whereas psychiatric comorbidities could aggravate urticaria activity, which, in turn, results in a vicious circle. More importantly, the needs for disease control remain largely unmet in chronic urticaria, because a substantial number of patients benefit little from H 1 antihistamines. 7 Consequently, research for novel mechanisms involved in the neuroimmune inflammation in urticaria is needed, because it will enlighten the development of new therapeutic strategies for patients with unsatisfied disease control and impaired quality of life. Admittedly, we realized that a social stressor is not the Achilles' heel of urticaria, because it only contributed to approximately 20% of the total effect. In addition, we observed no significant correlation between income loss and the total score of the UAS partly because of the lack of associations of income loss with the frequency of itch and severity of wheals. This might introduce additional measurement errors and conceal the true effect toward null. Another possible explanation is the effect modification by SES. A study found that lower SES was associated with a larger increase in perceived stress and higher levels of interleukin-6 in survivors who experienced a disaster, indicating that individuals from different SES backgrounds respond differently to stressors both psychosocially and biologically. 8 In conclusion, during this pandemic period, dermatologists and psychologists can work together and remotely to identify the patients who have experienced loss of income and social distancing and to provide personalized care to minimize the adverse outcomes of urticaria and many other allergic diseases.

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Socioeconomic status and differential psychological and immune responses to a human-caused disaster

Cited by 14 publications

References 22 publications

The Role of Perceived Social Support in Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Veterans

The Role of Perceived Social Support in Assessing Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Mental Health-Related Quality of Life in Veterans

Socioeconomic and Behavioral Correlates of COVID-19 Infections among Hospital Workers in the Greater Jakarta Area, Indonesia: A Cross-Sectional Study

A fatal case of coronavirus disease 2019 in a patient with common variable immunodeficiency

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