Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech Republic

Bobák, Martin

doi:10.1093/ije/28.1.46

Cited by 63 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…There is an association between the prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and the level of education, 6 which was also confirmed in our population. 7 Our study found a high population mean of BMI and increasing BMI and prevalence of obesity in the male population. The relationship between hypertension and obesity is well established: BP increases with increasing body weight, and the incidence of hypertension among the obese approaches 50%.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech Republic. Results of two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1997/1998 and 2000/2001, Czech Post-MONICA Study

et al. 2004

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Hypertension is an easily diagnosed and eminently modifiable risk factor for the development of all clinical manifestations of atherosclerosis. Despite the availability of a simple, non-invasive, and rather accurate method of measuring blood pressure (BP), and overwhelming evidence that reducing BP effectively prevents cardiovascular events, hypertension at the population level is not managed optimally. In 1997/ 1998 and 2000/2001, two surveys for cardiovascular risk factors were conducted in nine districts of the Czech Republic, involving a 1% population random sample aged 25-64 years in each district. In concordance with the MONICA Project, the present study confirms a high prevalence of hypertension in the Czech population, detecting an increase in prevalence for the male population over a period of 3 years (males from 38.8 in

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech Republic. Results of two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1997/1998 and 2000/2001, Czech Post-MONICA Study

et al. 2004

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“…The details have been described elsewhere (Bobak et al, 1999); briefly, 1141 men and 1212 women aged 25-64 y, randomly selected from the population registers of six Czech districts, have been invited to participate in the study. Participants (response rate 76%) completed a questionnaire, gave a blood sample and underwent a short examination in a clinic.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beer and obesity: a cross-sectional study

2003

Self Cite

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Objective: There is a common notion that beer drinkers are, on average, more 'obese' than either nondrinkers or drinkers of wine or spirits. This is reflected, for example, by the expression 'beer belly'. However, the few studies on the association between consumption of beer and abdominal obesity produced inconsistent results. We examined the relation between beer intake and waist-hip ratio (WHR) and body mass index (BMI) in a beer-drinking population. Design: A cross-sectional study. Settings: General population of six districts of the Czech Republic. Subjects: A random sample of 1141 men and 1212 women aged 25-64 y (response rate 76%) completed a questionnaire and underwent a short examination in a clinic. Intake of beer, wine and spirits during a typical week, frequency of drinking, and a number of other factors were measured by a questionnaire. The present analyses are based on 891 men and 1098 women who where either nondrinkers or 'exclusive' beer drinkers (ie they did not drink any wine or spirits in a typical week). Results: The mean weekly beer intake was 3.1 l in men and 0.3 l in women. In men, beer intake was positively related to WHR in age-adjusted analyses, but the association was attenuated and became nonsignificant after controlling for other risk factors. There appeared to be an interaction with smoking: the relation between beer intake and WHR was seen only among nonsmokers. Beer intake was not related to BMI in men. In women, beer intake was not related to WHR, but there was a weak inverse association with BMI. Conclusion: It is unlikely that beer intake is associated with a largely increased WHR or BMI.

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“…The relation between education and health is wellestablished; persons who are better educated live longer and suffer less morbidity during their lifetimes (Hemingway et al, 2000;Bobak et al, 1999;Lynch et al, 1995). However, the relation between education and use and misuse of substances is less consistent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education inequality and use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana

Galea

Ahern

Tracy

et al. 2007

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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Education inequality at the neighborhood-level may influence population health and health behavior. We assessed the relations between education inequality and substance use in 59 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods. We used Gini coefficients of education to describe neighborhood education inequality and data from a random-digit-dial phone survey of adult residents of NYC to assess use of substances. Among 1355 respondents (female=56.2%; white=35.7%; mean age=40.4), 23.9% (95% confidence interval [CI]=20.3-27.5) reported smoking, 39.4% (95% CI=35.3-43.4) drinking, and 5.4% (95% CI=3.6-7.3) using marijuana in the previous 30 days. In multilevel models controlling for neighborhood education, neighborhood income inequality, and individual covariates, living in a neighborhood with high education inequality was associated with a greater prevalence of drinking (p=0.02) and of smoking marijuana (p=0.004) but among current drinkers it was associated (p=0.03) with having fewer drinks. The odds of alcohol use (OR=1.70) and marijuana use (OR=3.49) were greater in neighborhoods in the 75 th percentile of education Gini compared to neighborhoods in the 25 th percentile of education Gini. Statisical interactions suggest that there may be a stronger relation between education inequality and marijuana use in neighborhoods with low mean education than in neighborhoods with higher mean levels of education. These findings, taken together, suggest a complex relation between education inequality and substance use; likelihood of the use of alcohol and marijuana was higher in areas with higher education inequality suggesting potential roles for substance use norms and availability, whereas quantity used among drinkers was higher in areas with low education inequality, suggesting potential roles for both disadvantage and norms.

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Socioeconomic status and cardiovascular risk factors in the Czech Republic

Cited by 63 publications

References 24 publications

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech Republic. Results of two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1997/1998 and 2000/2001, Czech Post-MONICA Study

Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in the Czech Republic. Results of two nationwide cross-sectional surveys in 1997/1998 and 2000/2001, Czech Post-MONICA Study

Beer and obesity: a cross-sectional study

Education inequality and use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana

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