Socioeconomic position in childhood and cognitive aging in Europe

Čermáková, Pavla; Formánek, Tomáš; Kågström, Anna; Winkler, Petr

doi:10.1212/wnl.0000000000006390

Cited by 53 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 45 publications

(63 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Estimates of the treatment gap for mental disorders in the Czech Republic are necessary to inform appropriate resource allocation within national mental health services (MHS). Considering the knowledge gap surrounding mental health within the region of Central and Eastern Europe [9,10] and the ongoing development of new MHS in the Czech Republic, we aimed to analyse data from a nationally representative study of mental disorders in the Czech Republic to 1) assess the extent of the treatment gap for mental disorders in the Czech Republic; 2) determine factors associated with the utilization of MHS; and 3) explore factors, which influence willingness to seek MHS in individuals that are currently affected with mental disorders but have not yet sought help.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment gap for mental disorders and associated factors in the Czech Republic

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objectives:To assess the extent of the treatment gap for mental disorders in the Czech Republic, determine factors associated with the utilization of mental health services and explore what influences willingness to seek mental health care.Methods:Data from the CZEch Mental health Study, a nationally representative study of community-dwelling adults in the Czech Republic were used. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview assessed the presence of mental disorders. 659 participants with current affective, anxiety, alcohol use and substance use disorders were studied.Results:The treatment gap for mental disorders ranged from 61% for affective to 93% for alcohol use disorders. Mental health service use was associated with greater disability (OR 1.04; 95% CI 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), female gender (OR 3.31; 95% CI 1.97–5.57; p < 0.001), urban residence (OR 1.84; 95% CI 1.12–3.04; p < 0.05) and a higher number of somatic diseases (OR 1.32; 95% CI 1.03–1.67; p < 0.05). Self-identification as having a mental illness was associated with greater willingness to seek a psychiatrist and a psychologist.Conclusions:The treatment gap for mental disorders is alarmingly high in the Czech Republic. Interventions to decrease it should target in particular rural areas, men and people with low self-identification as having a mental illness.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The treatment gap for mental disorders and associated factors in the Czech Republic

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It examined a large population-based sample of individuals residing in a country situated in Central and Eastern Europe, a region that has been under-represented in previous studies on mental health. 2,24 In addition, depressive symptoms were assessed by a widely used and validated instrument and a high number of wellmeasured variables enabled adjustment for a wide range of factors.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Covariates were chosen based on literature as sociodemographic characteristics, factors related to individual SEP, health behavior and somatic diseases that are associated with education and depression. 1,24,25 hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular disease (heart attack, angina, ischemic heart disease or stroke) and cancer. Details about the covariates can be found elsewhere.…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Education as inefficient resource against depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional analysis of the HAPIEE study

Čermáková

Pikhart

Kubínová

et al. 2020

European Journal of Public Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Increasing educational level of the population could be a strategy to prevent depression. We investigated whether education may offer a greater benefit for mental health to women and to individuals living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas. Methods We performed a cross-sectional study using data on 6964 Czech participants of the Health, Alcohol and Psychosocial factors in Eastern Europe study (on average 58 years old; 53% women). Binary logistic regression was used to examine the association of education with depressive symptoms, adjusting for several groups of covariates. Interactions were tested between education and sex as well as between education and socioeconomic advantage of the area of residence. Results Higher education was strongly associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independently of sociodemographic characteristics, health behavior and somatic diseases. This association was attenuated after adjusting for other markers of individual socioeconomic position (work activity, material deprivation and household items). There were no interactions between education and either sex or socioeconomic advantage of the area of residence. Conclusions We did not find an independent association between education and depressive symptoms after controlling for other socioeconomic markers in a sample with a formative history of communistic ideologies. Women or individuals from socioeconomically disadvantaged areas do not seem to gain a larger mental health benefit from education.

show abstract

“…However, objective memory -assessed using an adapted item of the WISC-IV cognitive assessment tool -did not signi cantly vary by HIV status. This could be partly due to participant's exposure to low quality education (61), similar levels of poverty and adverse living conditions (62)(63)(64)(65)(66), and similar psychopathology in both groups, all of which are known to shape child development and cognitive functioning in a range of settings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitive And Functional Difficulties Among Adolescents Living With HIV In Low-Resourced Settings: Can A Simple Screening Algorithm Identify Adolescents For Support?

Natukunda

Toska

Boyes

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Comprehensive neuropsychological testing for adolescents living with HIV is rare and often impractical for overstretched healthcare systems in low-resourced settings. This study aimed to 1) test the potential of a simple algorithm to screen for cognitive and functional difficulties among at-risk adolescents, and 2) using this algorithm, investigate the correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties in a large community-traced sample of South African adolescents. Methods: The study interviewed 10-19-year-old adolescents living with HIV (n = 1059) and uninfected community controls (n = 467), attending 53 public health facilities in the Eastern Cape in 2014-15. Cognitive and functional difficulties were assessed using an algorithm (either adolescent reports of memory, attention or concentration problems, or < 60% total recall on a memory task, or caregiver reports of an adolescent being a ‘slow-learner’, or attending a special needs school) and adolescent reports of functional difficulties. Data on healthcare and psychosocial variables were also collected. Multivariable logistic regressions tested correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties, controlling for sociodemographic and household covariates. Results: Across the sample, the prevalence of cognitive and functional difficulties was 19.3% (95% CI: 17.4-21.4). Adolescents living with HIV had significantly higher rates of cognitive and functional difficulties than community controls (21.9% vs. 13.5%, p<.001). Validating the algorithm with self-reported school grade repetition (lifetime) and number of grades repeated, cognitive and functional difficulties were associated with higher odds of lifetime grade repetition (aOR1.62 95%CI 1.24-2.11) and a higher likelihood of repeating multiple grades (β=0.27, p<.001). Independent of covariates, potential correlates of cognitive and functional difficulties among adolescents were higher depressive symptoms (aOR1.18 95%CI1.11-1.26), concurrent infections (aOR1.92 95%CI1.44-2.58), and more often missing school for clinic appointments (aOR1.66 95%CI1.24-2.23). Conclusions: Cognitive and functional difficulties were more prevalent among adolescents living with HIV than community controls and were associated with psychosocial, physical health, and healthcare factors. Simple algorithms – like the one tested in this study – may be feasible for use in low-resourced settings, following validation against neuropsychological assessment batteries in specialised facilities. Routine screening for cognitive and functional difficulties may be integrated into HIV care to identify adolescents for additional support.

show abstract

Socioeconomic position in childhood and cognitive aging in Europe

Cited by 53 publications

References 45 publications

The treatment gap for mental disorders and associated factors in the Czech Republic

The treatment gap for mental disorders and associated factors in the Czech Republic

Education as inefficient resource against depressive symptoms in the Czech Republic: cross-sectional analysis of the HAPIEE study

Cross-Sectional Analysis of Cognitive And Functional Difficulties Among Adolescents Living With HIV In Low-Resourced Settings: Can A Simple Screening Algorithm Identify Adolescents For Support?

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About