Socioeconomic Position and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness

Abstract

Objective: (1) Describe the current literature on the relationship between EDS and SEP and (2) provide recommendations for consideration of SEP in sleep medicine and biomedical research. Methods: Databases Medline/Pubmed, Web of Science, Google scholar and Scopus were screened using PRISMA guidelines and 19 articles were included in the final synthesis. Results: All studies were cross-sectional. Among these studies, 21.05% (n = 4) are focused on children and adolescent and the lasting 88.95% (n = 15) focused on adults and old people. Age ranged between 8 and 17 years old for children/adolescent and ranged from 18 until 102 years old for adults. Main SEP measures presented in these studies were education, income, perceived socioeconomic status and employment. Sample size in these studies varied from N = 90 participants until N = 33865 participants. Overall, a lower educational level, a lower income and full-time employment were associated with EDS. EDS symptoms are prevalent in women, especially those with a low income or no job; and children and adolescents with difficult living conditions or people working part-time reported more sleep disturbances. Conclusions: SEP is already considered as an important determinant for many health outcomes, but if SEP is embedded in experimental design in psychosomatic research, biomedical research and clinical practice as a constant variable regardless of outcome; it will move forward future investigations.

Circadian Rhythm Disturbance in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients and Its Effect on Prognosis

“…It is worth noting that sleep fragmentation might already be present prior to stroke, although none of the patients included in this study had the previous diagnosis for any sleep disorder. Besides, a phase shift after stroke would be accompanied by longer and more frequent daytime naps, compensating for changes in the sleep-wake cycle caused by possible circadian rhythm disturbances [28]. But this is just our speculation because sleep perception is known to be highly subjective due to a variety of factors.…”

Variation in the sexual behavior and blood count parameters induced by sleep deprivation in male rats

“…1 With the development of society, the stress resulting from socioeconomic pressure combined with an increased workload causes a decrease of total sleep time. 2 Lack of sleep impairs biological processes in men, leading to hypogonadism and infertility. 3,4 Because it is difficult to study the role of insufficient sleep in human sexual behavior, the use of animal models has become valuable.…”

“…Sleep is a fundamental biological requirement, and lack of sleep has increasingly been recognized to cause metabolic consequences and adversely affect immune function 1 . With the development of society, the stress resulting from socioeconomic pressure combined with an increased workload causes a decrease of total sleep time 2 . Lack of sleep impairs biological processes in men, leading to hypogonadism and infertility 3,4 .…”