Socioeconomic Inequality and Its Determinants Regarding Infant Mortality in Iran

Damghanian, Maryam; Shariati, Mohammad; Mirzaiinajmabadi, Khadigeh; Yunesian, Masud; Emamian, Mohammad Hassan

doi:10.5812/ircmj.17602

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This was also in line with Mohammad et al study in 2011 in Bangladesh in which illiterate mothers, compared with mothers with higher education, had a higher risk of having a dead child (24). Also, it has been shown that maternal intermediate education, compared to primary education, had a protective role against infant mortality (15). Some other studies also showed that higher maternal education had a protective effect against child mortality (12,13,17).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association of socioeconomic risk factors with under 5-year mortality in Zabol, Iran, during 2011-2015

Nakhzari-Moghaddam

Yavari

Abadi

et al. 2019

Med. J. Islam. Republ. Iran

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Background: Under-5 mortality is an important health indicator of a country's development and every country is committed to decrease it. Children under-5 years are vulnerable to the imbalance of socioeconomic inequality and are dependent on the adults to remain healthy. The aim of this study was to determine the association of socioeconomic factors with under-5 mortality in Zabol. Methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was performed on 2001 children younger than 5 years who were under the coverage of Zabol University of Medical Sciences between 2011 and 2015. The data were collected using standard questionnaires on mortality of infant and children 1-59 months old, questionnaires determining socioeconomic condition, and health center data files. The analyses were performed using SPSS software version 21, and significance level was set at 0.05 for all tests. Results: The most common causes of death under 5 years of age included immaturity, congenital defects, and respiratory diseases. In the logistic regression model, father's addiction, maternal literacy, socioeconomic level, and household family size were significantly associated with under-5 mortality (P<0.05). Moreover, there was a correlation between a congenital defect in the Zahak region and immaturity in the Hamun region with under-5 mortality. Conclusion: Low socioeconomic status, parental addiction, and low education level were the most probable risk factors for under 5 mortality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Association of socioeconomic risk factors with under 5-year mortality in Zabol, Iran, during 2011-2015

Nakhzari-Moghaddam

Yavari

Abadi

et al. 2019

Med. J. Islam. Republ. Iran

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“…However, different studies reported contrasting findings on the impact of area of residence on child mortality. A study in Iran did not find any differences in infant mortality between urban and rural areas ( 44 ). However a study in Nigeria reported living in rural areas as a risk factor for post-neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality ( 30 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

The importance of intersectoral factors in promoting equity-oriented universal health coverage: a multilevel analysis of social determinants affecting neonatal infant and under-five mortality in Bangladesh

Huda

Tahsina

Arifeen

et al. 2016

Global Health Action

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IntroductionHealth is multidimensional and affected by a wide range of factors, many of which are outside the health sector. To improve population health and reduce health inequality, it is important that we take into account the complex interactions among social, environmental, behavioural, and biological factors and design our health interventions accordingly.ObjectivesThis study examines mortality differentials in children of different age groups by key social determinants of health (SDH) including parental education and employment, mother's level of autonomy, age, asset index, living arrangements (utilities), and other geographical contextual factors (area of residence, road conditions).DesignWe used data from the two rounds of Bangladesh Health and Demographic Survey, a nationally representative sample survey of the population residing in Bangladesh. Multilevel logistic models were used to study the impact of SDH on child mortality.ResultsThe study found that the mother's age, the education of both parents, the mother's autonomy to take decisions about matters linked to the health of her child, the household socio-economic conditions, the geographical region of residence, and the condition of the roads were significantly associated with higher risks of neonatal, infant, and under-five mortality in Bangladesh.ConclusionThe study findings suggest there are complex relationships among different SDH. Thus larger intersectoral actions will be needed to reduce disparities in child health and mortality and achieve meaningful progress towards equity-oriented universal health coverage.

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“…A study by Damghanian et al in Shahrood city showed that socio-economic status plays the main role in inequality of child mortality and maternal education level is the dominant determinant. The studies reveal that progress in survival of children does not depend on health expenditure, but through improving health outcomes such as leadership and partnerships across society, and evidence-informed, innovative, context-specific approaches 16 . However, the above mentioned studies run at individual unit and not aggregate unit, therefore, they could explore the difference between individuals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic determinants of inequality in child mortality rate among Iranian provinces: An ecological study

Heidarimoghadam

Javaheri

Nikravesh

et al. 2018

Sri Lanka J Child Health

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Background: To identify the determinants of the inequality in child mortality it is vital to take interventional measures to improve survival of children. Objective:To estimate child mortality rate (CMR) for Iranian provinces and then assess the share of medical and socio-economic factors in CMR among Iranian provinces.Methods: First, we estimated CMR for Iranian provinces from several sources. Then, we extracted socio-economic status of provinces from Iranian centre of statistics. We used correlation and multivariate linear regression for assessing association of CMR with socio-economic status.Results: South Khorasan with 51 per 1000 live births and Mazandaran with 13 per 1000 live births had the highest and the lowest CMR among Iranian provinces. Correlation analysis showed that cost of health (-0.52) and literacy rate (-043) had the strongest association and the number of doctors with -0.24 had the weakest association with CMR. Results of multivariate analysis revealed that literacy rate and cost of health were statistically significant and explained about the 45% difference among Iranian provinces.Conclusions: There is inequality in child mortality among Iranian provinces. However, literacy rate, cost of health and income per capita are the most effective determinants of inequality.

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Socioeconomic Inequality and Its Determinants Regarding Infant Mortality in Iran

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Association of socioeconomic risk factors with under 5-year mortality in Zabol, Iran, during 2011-2015

Association of socioeconomic risk factors with under 5-year mortality in Zabol, Iran, during 2011-2015

The importance of intersectoral factors in promoting equity-oriented universal health coverage: a multilevel analysis of social determinants affecting neonatal infant and under-five mortality in Bangladesh

Socio-economic determinants of inequality in child mortality rate among Iranian provinces: An ecological study

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