Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Egypt: Analyzing Trends Between 1995 and 2014

Sharaf, Mesbah Fathy; Rashad, Ahmed Shoukry

doi:10.1007/s11205-017-1631-3

Cited by 19 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Like in other regions, the infant mortality rate found in the study showed a reduction between the analyzed periods. Although the coefficient of infant mortality has decreased in many regions, inequalities persist (34,40) . In Egypt, the analysis of socioeconomic inequalities in infant mortality showed an inverse association between infant mortality rates and standard measures of life, and the poor have the highest preterm infant mortality (40) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of inequalities in fetal and infant mortality due to avoidable causes

et al. 2020

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Objectives: to analyze social inequalities in spatial distribution of fetal and infant mortality by avoidable causes and identify the areas of greater risk of occurrence. Methods: avoidable deaths of fetal and infant residents of Recife/Brazil were studied. The rates of avoidable fetal and infant mortality were calculated for two five-year periods, 2006-2010 and 2011-2015. The scan statistics was used for spatial analysis and related to the social deprivation index. Results: out of the total 2,210 fetal deaths, 80% were preventable. Avoidable fetal mortality rates increased by 8.1% in the five-year periods. Of the 2,846 infant deaths, 74% were avoidable, and the infant mortality rate reduced by 0.13%. Conclusions: in the spatial analysis, were identified clusters with higher risk for deaths. The social deprivation index showed sensibility with areas of worse living conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial analysis of inequalities in fetal and infant mortality due to avoidable causes

et al. 2020

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“…Preston (23) puts forward that in higher income regions, the increase of population investment in health can help local people improve their health level. Poor regions struggle to improve health care because of lack of funds (31,32).…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The GDP in eastern region is generally high and the economy is relatively developed; the GDP in middle region is generally medium and the economy is relatively developing; the GDP in western region is generally low and the economy is relatively backward. Scholars have empirically demonstrated that increased medical resources can significantly reduce local mortality (20,23,25,(31)(32)(33). There are still significant problems of uncoordinated regional development in China.…”

Section: Hypothesesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional Disparity of Medical Resources and Its Effect on Mortality Rates in China

Chai

Zhang

Chang

2020

Front. Public Health

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The purpose of this study was twofold. First, to empirically study the effects that medical resources (i.e., hospital, doctors, beds) have on the mortality rate in China. Second, to divide China into east, middle, and west regions, and empirically study the regional disparity of medical resources and its effect on mortality rates in China. Methodology and Data: This study utilized a panel data regression model to explore the effect medical resources have on the age-standardized mortality rate in China. The data came from the 2003-2017 China Statistical Yearbook compiled by the National Bureau of Statistics of China. Results: Nationwide, hospitals, doctors, and beds had a significant negative correlation with the mortality rate. In the western region, hospitals, beds, and doctors had a significant negative correlation with the mortality rate. In China's middle and eastern regions, hospitals, beds, and doctors had no significant effect on the mortality rate. In China, increased hospitals, doctors, and beds significantly reduced the mortality rate. The distribution of medical resources in eastern, middle, and western China was unequal. More hospitals, beds, and doctors in the less developed western regions can more effectively alleviate the local mortality rate. In the middle and east regions, hospitals, beds, and doctors had no significant impact on the local mortality rate. Conclusion: First, China's overall medical resources are still inadequate and improving medical resources throughout the country could reduce the mortality rate. Second, due to the imbalanced distribution of medical resources in China, the Chinese government should implement more supportive policies for medical resources in the western region. At the same time, we should also actively develop the western region by improving local per capita GDP and reducing unemployment, so as to fundamentally reduce the local mortality rate.

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“…They found substantial inequality of opportunities in early childhood and geographical differences was a key contributor to these inequalities. In another study, Sharaf and Rashad [ 21 ] suggested that while Egypt has managed to improve child health, socioeconomic disparities remain substantial. Additionally, they found that the rapid growth in GDP per capita did not result in lower malnutrition rates in Egypt [ 19 ].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 2012 and 2013 Jordan and Yemen Demographic and Health Surveys show that the under-five years stunting rate is 7.7 % in Jordan and 46.5 % in Yemen, the second highest rate in the world. Studies reveal that there are significant disparities in child health outcomes between urban and rural regions in the three countries [ 12 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regional inequalities in child malnutrition in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis

Sharaf

Rashad

2016

Health Econ Rev

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There is substantial evidence that on average, urban children have better health outcomes than rural children. This paper investigates the underlying factors that account for the regional disparities in child malnutrition in three Arab countries, namely; Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen. We use data on a nationally representative sample from the most recent rounds of the Demographic and Health Survey. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis is conducted to decompose the rural-urban differences in child nutrition outcomes into two components; one that is explained by regional differences in the level of the determinants (covariate effects), and another component that is explained by differences in the effect of the determinants on the child nutritional status (coefficient effects). Results show that the under-five stunting rates are 20 % in Egypt, 46.5 % in Yemen, and 7.7 % in Jordan. The rural- urban gap in child malnutrition was minor in the case of Egypt (2.3 %) and Jordan (1.5 %), while the regional gap was significant in the case of Yemen (17.7 %). Results of the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition show that the covariate effect is dominant in the case of Yemen while the coefficients effect dominates in the case of Jordan. Income inequality between urban and rural households explains most of the malnutrition gap. Results were robust to the different decomposition weighting schemes. By identifying the underlying factors behind the rural- urban health disparities, the findings of this paper help in designing effective intervention measures aimed at reducing regional inequalities and improving population health outcomes.

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Socioeconomic Inequalities in Infant Mortality in Egypt: Analyzing Trends Between 1995 and 2014

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Spatial analysis of inequalities in fetal and infant mortality due to avoidable causes

Spatial analysis of inequalities in fetal and infant mortality due to avoidable causes

Regional Disparity of Medical Resources and Its Effect on Mortality Rates in China

Regional inequalities in child malnutrition in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen: a Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis

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