Socioeconomic inequalities in hospital births in China between 1988 and 2008

Health system strengthening and hypertension awareness, treatment and control: data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

“…As previously, we used Poisson regression to take account of the sampling design and compute robust estimates and RRs. 33 Hypertension has become a pressing national problem in China and its control should be on the country's post-2015 development agenda. 50 Following the major health system reform of 2009, China seems to be performing well in delivering effective care to those who are aware of their hypertension.…”

“…33 Potential explanatory variables were added individually to determine their effects on the magnitudes of the RRs.…”

Promoting equity to achieve maternal and child health

“…The overall maternal mortality ratio decreased from 64/100 000 in 1996 to 38/100 000 in 2008; 8 overall hospital births increased to 94.7% of all live births in 2008; 9 and overall contraceptive use was above 80% in 2006. 10 These achievements can be attributed to China's rapid economic development 11,12 and the promotion of maternal health services by the government.…”

“…11 Efforts by the Chinese government to promote maternal health care in rural and poor areas 12 have led to reductions in inequities between urban and rural areas, and between the rich and poor, 8,11,12 particularly in relation to maternal mortality and hospital delivery rates. 8,9 However, the status of maternal health in the poorest rural and remote areas remains very weak, 9 and rural women still receive less antenatal and post-partum care than urban women. 12 Ethnic minorities in China also face economic barriers, geographic marginalisation, and poor quality health facilities in the remote areas where they live.…”

Horizontal Inequities In The Uptake Of Hospital Delivery And The Role Of Social Determinants In China

“…In 1988 less than half of all women gave birth in hospital, yet twenty years later hospital births have become nearly universal, with the disparities shrank sharply between the poor and rich [12]. The effects of other various SDHs are also reported.…”