Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries

Josephson, Anna; Kilic, Talip; Michler, Jeffrey D.

doi:10.1038/s41562-021-01096-7

Cited by 265 publications

(258 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Such strain often follows inversely to pre-existing advantage or privilege within and across settings. For example, upwards of 77% of people from low-income countries in Africa and 37% of people in lower-middle-income countries reported work stoppage versus 26% in high-income countries [60,61]. Such COVID-related inequities also exist within high-income countries, with access to healthcare and vaccines favoring upper-class families and other privileged groups [62].…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: A multi-national, cross-sectional study of transgender and nonbinary people

et al. 2021

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Background Transgender and nonbinary people are disproportionately affected by structural barriers to quality healthcare, mental health challenges, and economic hardship. This study examined the impact of the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) crisis and subsequent control measures on gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability among transgender and nonbinary people in multiple countries. Methods We collected multi-national, cross-sectional data from 964 transgender and nonbinary adult users of the Hornet and Her apps from April to August 2020 to characterize changes in gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability as a result of COVID-19. We conducted Poisson regression models to assess if access to gender-affirming care and ability to live according to one’s gender were related to depressive symptoms, anxiety, and changes in suicidal ideation. Results Individuals resided in 76 countries, including Turkey (27.4%, n = 264) and Thailand (20.6%, n = 205). A majority were nonbinary (66.8%, n = 644) or transfeminine (29.4%, n = 283). Due to COVID-19, 55.0% (n = 320/582) reported reduced access to gender-affirming resources, and 38.0% (n = 327/860) reported reduced time lived according to their gender. About half screened positive for depression (50.4%,442/877) and anxiety (45.8%, n = 392/856). One in six (17.0%, n = 112/659) expected losses of health insurance, and 77.0% (n = 724/940) expected income reductions. The prevalence of depressive symptoms, anxiety, and increased suicidal ideation were 1.63 (95% CI: 1.36–1.97), 1.61 (95% CI: 1.31–1.97), and 1.74 (95% CI: 1.07–2.82) times higher for individuals whose access to gender-affirming resources was reduced versus not. Discussion The COVID-19 crisis is associated with reduced access to gender-affirming resources and the ability of transgender and nonbinary people to live according to their gender worldwide. These reductions may drive the increased depressive symptoms, anxiety, and suicidal ideation reported in this sample. To improve health of transgender and nonbinary communities, increased access to gender-affirming resources should be prioritized through policies (e.g., digital prescriptions), flexible interventions (e.g., telehealth), and support for existing transgender health initiatives.

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Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: A multi-national, cross-sectional study of transgender and nonbinary people

et al. 2021

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“…In a study by Shammi et al, 2021 [14] had revealed the impact of CODIV-19 in Bangladesh on gender discrimination, gender-based violence, business, economy, and education sectors which supported by another study by Singh et al, 2021 [15] in India who reported the 59%, 38%, 28% people losses job, income and food security due to the surge of ongoing COVID-19 at 2021.This socio-economical scenario is in everywhere around the world [12][13][14][15]. Moreover, due to the death of 3,538,764 around the world which already have affected the working manpower number around mainly in food and others basic industrial level [10][11][12][13][14][15].While the impact of COVID-19 pandemic is known to all, the other three outbreaks should not be ignored considering their potential impact on health and life standard. Among them, the ongoing outbreaks, the currently circulating HPAI H5N8 strain have been reported from poultry in Russia, Europe, China, the Middle East, and North America in 2020-21 [9] While no human cases of HPAI H5N8 were found in previous outbreaks [9,16], but on February 19, 2021 cases of 1 st human infection with H5N8 was reported by the WHO H5 Reference Laboratory of the State Research Centre for Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR (FSRI SRC VB VECTOR) Rospotrebnadzor of the Russian Federation [9,16] However, the cases were reported with mild symptoms [9,16] and no human-to-human transmission has been observed so far [17].…”

Section: 1socio-economic Impact Of Each Outbreak Morbidity and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: 1socio-economic Impact Of Each Outbreak Morbidity and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ongoing surge of COVID-19 already have caused the loss of income of approximately 256 million people individuals [13]. In a study by Shammi et al, 2021 [14] had revealed the impact of CODIV-19 in Bangladesh on gender discrimination, gender-based violence, business, economy, and education sectors which supported by another study by Singh et al, 2021 [15] in India who reported the 59%, 38%, 28% people losses job, income and food security due to the surge of ongoing COVID-19 at 2021.This socio-economical scenario is in everywhere around the world [12][13][14][15]. Moreover, due to the death of 3,538,764 around the world which already have affected the working manpower number around mainly in food and others basic industrial level [10][11][12][13][14][15].While the impact of COVID-19 pandemic is known to all, the other three outbreaks should not be ignored considering their potential impact on health and life standard.…”

Section: 1socio-economic Impact Of Each Outbreak Morbidity and Mortalitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parallel Outbreaks of Deadly Pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, H5N8, EVD, Black fungi) around the World in 2021: Priorities for Achieving Control with Socio-Economic and Public Health Impact

Khan¹,

Nt²,

Nn³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Concurrent waves of Coronavirus disease, Ebola virus disease, avian influenza A and black fungus are jeopardizing the lives in some parts of Africa and Asia. From this point of view, this review aims to summarize both socio-economic and public health implications of these parallel outbreaks along with their best possible management approaches. Various online databases were used to collect the necessary information regarding these outbreaks. Based on the reports published and analyses done so far, the long-lasting damages caused by these simultaneous outbreaks on global socio-economical and public health status can be conceived from the past experiences of outbreaks, especially the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, prolonged restrictions by the local government may lead to food insecurity, global recession, and an enormous impact on the mental health of people of all ages, specifically in developing countries. Such overwhelming effects already have been reported to be declining national growth of the economy as well as increasing political insecurity and shortage of basic needs. Although various actions have already been taken including vaccination, clinical management, and further research, social distancing, and lockdown, etc. to improve the situation, the emerging variants and associated genetic mutations may make the containment difficult worsening the situation again. Considering the current mutational dynamics of the pathogens and the past experiences, perpetual preparedness along with updated clinical management backed by epidemiological studies and innovating scientific effort are inevitable to combat the simultaneous waves of multiple infectious diseases.

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“…Poor households are prone to experience food insecurity. 49 In addition, the capacity to borrow money on financial markets to BMJ Global Health support the economy is limited in many LMIC compared with high-income countries. Overall, there are several key challenges related to building a multisystemic resilience approach to systemic crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic.…”

Section: Improving Our Understanding Of Multisystemic Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

Building a multisystemic understanding of societal resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic

et al. 2021

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The current global systemic crisis reveals how globalised societies are unprepared to face a pandemic. Beyond the dramatic loss of human life, the COVID-19 pandemic has triggered widespread disturbances in health, social, economic, environmental and governance systems in many countries across the world. Resilience describes the capacities of natural and human systems to prevent, react to and recover from shocks. Societal resilience to the current COVID-19 pandemic relates to the ability of societies in maintaining their core functions while minimising the impact of the pandemic and other societal effects. Drawing on the emerging evidence about resilience in health, social, economic, environmental and governance systems, this paper delineates a multisystemic understanding of societal resilience to COVID-19. Such an understanding provides the foundation for an integrated approach to build societal resilience to current and future pandemics.

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Socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 in low-income countries

Cited by 265 publications

References 17 publications

Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: A multi-national, cross-sectional study of transgender and nonbinary people

Gender-affirming care, mental health, and economic stability in the time of COVID-19: A multi-national, cross-sectional study of transgender and nonbinary people

Parallel Outbreaks of Deadly Pathogens (SARS-CoV-2, H5N8, EVD, Black fungi) around the World in 2021: Priorities for Achieving Control with Socio-Economic and Public Health Impact

Building a multisystemic understanding of societal resilience to the COVID-19 pandemic

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