“…In terms of environmental benefits, absorption of air pollutants, and improved air quality (Teotonio, et al, 2021), urban noise absorption, mitigating urban heat island effect (Manso, et al, 2021), provide habitats for small insects and birds, and urban wildlife protection (Silva, et al, 2018) are prominent. From the perspective of economic benefits, green walls enhance buildings' performance by increasing property value (Dong and Huang, 2021) and building durability (Almeida, et al, 2020). Furthermore, reduce the energy consumption for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning by maintaining the heat transfer between internal and external environments through plants (Zazzini and Grifa, 2018).…”