Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III

Dowd, Jennifer Beam; Aiello, Allison E.; Alley, Dawn E.

doi:10.1017/s0950268808000551

Cited by 171 publications

(168 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Currently, virological methods do not allow determination of the time point of the primary infection, so there is no way of establishing the validity of this notion. However, it is known that socioeconomic status is an important parameter associated with CMV prevalence (31). We compared the level of education as a marker that would reflect socioeconomic status in adult life as well as during childhood, when CMV seroconversion is expected to occur most frequently.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmark Features of Immunosenescence Are Absent in Familial Longevity

Derhovanessian¹,

Maier

Beck

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

145

111

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmark Features of Immunosenescence Are Absent in Familial Longevity

Derhovanessian¹,

Maier

Beck

et al. 2010

The Journal of Immunology

145

111

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“…In that context, an interaction such as one between a lion and a zebra, even though there is no common interest for the outcome between these two animals, will trigger the same cascade of events in the body of both. Adrenalin and noradrenalin mainly, but with glucocorticoids potentiating the effects, will increase arousal, alertness and vigilance; focus attention and elevate core temperature; and also increase the pain threshold (Kulkarni 1980), cardiovascular output, respiratory rate (Coles et al 1956) and blood flow to the brain and skeletal muscle (Brown et al 1979;Charmandari et al 2005;Coles et al 1956;Dowd et al 2009;Kulkarni 1980). Skeletal muscle will gain the supply of the energy from the adipose and hepatic cells stores, whereas all other activities that are inessential in that moment, such as digestion, reproduction, feeding and growth, will be decreased through the action of GC (Cannon 1929;Selye 1956;Sorrells and Sapolsky 2007).…”

Section: Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress, ageing and their influence on functional, cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system

Vitlić

Lord

Phillips

2014

AGE

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The immune response is essential for keeping an organism healthy and for defending it from different types of pathogens. It is a complex system that consists of a large number of components performing different functions. The adequate and controlled interaction between these components is necessary for a robust and strong immune response. There are, however, many factors that interfere with the way the immune response functions. Stress and ageing now consistently appear in the literature as factors that act upon the immune system in the way that is often damaging. This review focuses on the role of stress and ageing in altering the robustness of the immune response first separately, and then simultaneously, discussing the effects that emerge from their interplay. The special focus is on the psychological stress and the impact that it has at different levels, from the whole system to the individual molecules, resulting in consequences for physical health.

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“…Health-seeking behaviour may similarly confound the association. Socioeconomic disparities influence the seroprevalence of infection, 37 and exposure to low education and chronic pyschosocial stress may increase antibody titre responses.…”

Section: Host and Environmental Determinants Of Riskmentioning

confidence: 99%

‘Infectious Burden’ - New Insights into Stroke Prevention

Luna¹,

Elkind²

2010

European Neurological Review

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Atherosclerosis is a complex inflammatory disease process of the arterial vessels.1 Chronic and acute infections have been implicated as risk factors that increase the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and other vascular events. However, no single pathogen is likely to be responsible for elevated vascular risk. Pathogens as Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis Chlamydia pneumoniaeChlamydia pneumoniae is a common respiratory pathogen believed to be responsible for approximately 10% of non-hospital-acquired pneumonias. 3 C. pneumoniae is one of the best-studied organisms believed to be associated with cardiovascular disease. Studies that have evaluated human samples of atherosclerotic lesions using electron microscopy, molecular DNA methods and immunostaining techniques have identified C. pneumoniae in coronary, carotid, aortic and popliteal plaque. 4 The majority of these studies have identified pathogen DNA or antigen only; however, a few studies have isolated viable C. pneumoniae organisms. 5,6 C. pneumoniae has been identified in both early-and late-stage fibrous plaque and, in particular, in carotid and cerebral arterial vessels. 7-9Herpesvirus FamilyHerpesviruses were initially identified as potential causes of atherosclerosis in animal models, and they have been the target of investigations into the association of infectious agents and atherosclerosis since then. 10 The most thoroughly investigated of the eight herpesvirus known to commonly infect humans are herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV1), HSV2 and cytomegalovirus (CMV). HSV1infection has been associated with accelerated atheroma formation in apolipoprotein E -/-(apoE -/-) mice, with a reduction in progression when treated with antiviral therapies. 11 HSV1 DNA has been found in some but not all samples of carotid atherosclerotic lesions. 12,13 The recurrent outbreaks associated with HSV infection and high population prevalence of exposure have made it an interesting target for epidemiological study. 'Infectious Burden' -New Insights into Stroke PreventionBrain Trauma Stroke AbstractChronic and acute infections have been implicated as risk factors that increase the risk of stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and other vascular events. The lack of consistency among studies attempting to link exposure to infectious pathogens and stroke risk provides empirical evidence that a single pathogen is likely not responsible for stroke. Reconsidering exposure as an 'infectious burden' (IB) aligns with our understanding that the totality of pro-inflammatory agents can contribute to atherosclerosis and vascular risk. We define IB as the cumulative life-course exposure to infectious agents that elicit strong inflammatory responses and review the varied approaches to operationalising this measure.There is promising research investigating the role of acute and chronic IB suggesting that there may be a causal role of pathogens in atherosclerotic progression and plaque destabilisation to negatively affect vascular risk; however, the evidence is preliminary.

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Socioeconomic disparities in the seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the US population: NHANES III

Cited by 171 publications

References 41 publications

Hallmark Features of Immunosenescence Are Absent in Familial Longevity

Hallmark Features of Immunosenescence Are Absent in Familial Longevity

Stress, ageing and their influence on functional, cellular and molecular aspects of the immune system

‘Infectious Burden’ - New Insights into Stroke Prevention

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