Socioeconomic Disadvantage is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia  in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Swan, Lauren; Warters, Austin; O’Sullivan, Maria

doi:10.14283/jfa.2022.32

Cited by 14 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…This is in line with the previous studies stating that low educational attainment [ 41 ], neuroticism [ 42 ], low testosterone levels [ 43 ], short stature [ 44 ], high alcohol [ 45 ], processed meat [ 46 ] and salt [ 47 ] intake, sedentary behavior (such as watching television) [ 48 ], smoking and physical inactivity [ 49 ] are associated with an increased risk of sarcopenia or low muscle strength, whereas coffee, magnesium, potassium, protein, vitamin D, water, oil fish, fruits and vegetables intake [ 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ] have protective effects against sarcopenia.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Identification and Characterization of Genomic Predictors of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using UK Biobank Data

et al. 2023

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The substantial decline in skeletal muscle mass, strength, and gait speed is a sign of severe sarcopenia, which may partly depend on genetic risk factors. So far, hundreds of genome-wide significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with handgrip strength, lean mass and walking pace have been identified in the UK Biobank cohort; however, their pleiotropic effects on all three phenotypes have not been investigated. By combining summary statistics of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of handgrip strength, lean mass and walking pace, we have identified 78 independent SNPs (from 73 loci) associated with all three traits with consistent effect directions. Of the 78 SNPs, 55 polymorphisms were also associated with body fat percentage and 25 polymorphisms with type 2 diabetes (T2D), indicating that sarcopenia, obesity and T2D share many common risk alleles. Follow-up bioinformatic analysis revealed that sarcopenia risk alleles were associated with tiredness, falls in the last year, neuroticism, alcohol intake frequency, smoking, time spent watching television, higher salt, white bread, and processed meat intake; whereas protective alleles were positively associated with bone mineral density, serum testosterone, IGF1, and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, height, intelligence, cognitive performance, educational attainment, income, physical activity, ground coffee drinking and healthier diet (muesli, cereal, wholemeal or wholegrain bread, potassium, magnesium, cheese, oily fish, protein, water, fruit, and vegetable intake). Furthermore, the literature data suggest that single-bout resistance exercise may induce significant changes in the expression of 26 of the 73 implicated genes in m. vastus lateralis, which may partly explain beneficial effects of strength training in the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. In conclusion, we have identified and characterized 78 SNPs associated with sarcopenia and 55 SNPs with sarcopenic obesity in European-ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 94%

Identification and Characterization of Genomic Predictors of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using UK Biobank Data

et al. 2023

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“…The prevalence of probable sarcopenia among community-dwelling older adults is relatively common, with estimates ranging from 19% to 34% [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 ]. Recognized risk factors for probable and confirmed sarcopenia include older age, physical inactivity, and comorbidity [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between Body Mass Index and Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

et al. 2023

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(1) Background/Objectives: The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and probable sarcopenia, a precursor to sarcopenia diagnosis, is unclear. While low BMI has been associated with sarcopenia risk, some evidence suggests that obesity may confer protection. We aimed to investigate the association between probable sarcopenia and BMI and, furthermore, to explore associations with waist circumference (WC). (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study included 5783 community-dwelling adults (mean age 70.4 ± 7.5 years) from Wave 6 of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Probable sarcopenia was defined using the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP2) criteria for low hand grip strength and/or slow chair rise. Associations between BMI and probable sarcopenia were examined using multivariable regression analysis and were similarly performed for WC. (3) Results: Our overall findings show that an underweight BMI was significantly associated with an increased likelihood of probable sarcopenia [OR (CI) 2.25 (1.17, 4.33), p = 0.015]. For higher BMI categories, the findings were conflicting. Overweight and obesity were associated with an increased likelihood of probable sarcopenia when defined by lower limb strength alone, [OR (CI), 2.32 (1.15, 4.70), p = 0.019; 1.23 (1.02, 1.49), p = 0.35, and 1.49 (1.21, 1.83), p < 0.001, respectively]. In contrast, overweight and obesity appeared protective when probable sarcopenia was assessed by low hand grip strength alone [OR (CI) 0.72 (0.60, 0.88), p = 0.001, and 0.64 (0.52, 0.79), p < 0.001, respectively]. WC was not significantly associated with probable sarcopenia on multivariable regression analysis. (4) Conclusion: This study supports the evidence that low BMI is associated with an increased likelihood of probable sarcopenia, highlighting an important at-risk group. The findings for overweight and obesity were inconsistent and may be measurement dependent. It seems prudent that all older adults at risk of probable sarcopenia, including those with overweight/obesity, are assessed to prevent underdetection of probable sarcopenia alone or with the double burden of obesity.

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“… 1 Similarly, other population studies report an increased burden of sarcopenia, frailty, and ADL-impairment among older adults with socioeconomic disadvantage. 3 , 4 , 30 It is argued, however, that chronological “age is a leveler” and that differences in physical function between socioeconomic groups plateau as age-related decline outweighs the influence of social factors. 31 Our findings provide evidence of health inequality for physical dependency amongst an older population with an average age of 84 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consistent evidence shows that disadvantaged socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with accelerated ageing, frailty, mobility disability and mental health conditions. [1][2][3][4] The association between socioeconomic disadvantage and adverse health outcomes is observed for aggregate-level indicators of SEP (neighborhood deprivation, housing conditions and environmental factors) and individual-level socioeconomic determinants (education, income, and occupation class). Populations living in socioeconomically deprived areas have been shown to have reduced life expectancies and spend a greater proportion of life in ill health.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Residential Area Socioeconomic Deprivation is Associated with Physical Dependency and Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Analysis of Health Administrative Data in Ireland

Swan¹,

Horgan²,

Fan³

et al. 2022

JMDH

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Introduction Socioeconomic disadvantage is associated with multiple adverse health outcomes in ageing. Whether this negative impact persists in populations of more advanced age and dependency is less clear. We aimed to determine the association between residential area deprivation and pre-specified health characteristics among community-dwelling dependent older adults. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from 1591 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older of mean age 83.9 ± 7.1 years and in receipt of state home support in Ireland. The HP Pobal Deprivation Index was used to categorize residential areas by socioeconomic deprivation. Health variables analysed included physical dependency (Barthel Index), polypharmacy (≥5 medications), previous acute hospital admission, cognitive impairment, and mental health diagnoses. Associations between residential area deprivation and prespecified health outcomes were explored in multivariable logistic regression analysis. Results In socioeconomically disadvantaged areas, high physical dependency was twice that observed in affluent areas (16.2% vs 6.9%, p = 0.009). Similarly, acute hospitalization, as the trigger for increased dependency, was more common in deprived settings (41.6% v 29.1%, p < 0.001). Polypharmacy was common in this population (67.6%), but significantly higher in deprived vs affluent settings (74.7% v 64.5%, p = 0.030). The findings persisted in multivariable analyses when adjusted for age and gender. While all participants were accessing home support, those in deprived areas were on average 6.5 years younger than in affluent areas. Associations between residential deprivation and mental health conditions or cognitive impairment, however, were not observed in this study. Conclusion Community-dwelling older adults living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas experienced greater polypharmacy, high physical dependency, hospitalization-associated dependency, and a 6.5-year earlier need for state home support than in affluent settings. The findings suggest that health inequality persists in populations of more advanced age and dependency and highlight a need for further research as well as community-based health and social care initiatives.

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Socioeconomic Disadvantage is Associated with Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing

Cited by 14 publications

References 53 publications

Identification and Characterization of Genomic Predictors of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using UK Biobank Data

Identification and Characterization of Genomic Predictors of Sarcopenia and Sarcopenic Obesity Using UK Biobank Data

Associations between Body Mass Index and Probable Sarcopenia in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Residential Area Socioeconomic Deprivation is Associated with Physical Dependency and Polypharmacy in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: An Analysis of Health Administrative Data in Ireland

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