Socioeconomic differences in the menopausal experience of Chinese women

Menopausal symptoms and work: A narrative review of women's experiences in casual, informal, or precarious jobs

“…This finding concurs with the workplace-based surveys comparing ‘working’ and ‘housewife’ status; irrespective of the nature of their job, women in work found the psychological symptoms of the menopause less problematic than housewives did [ 29 , 31 , 33 ]. Beyond empowerment, work can provide women with opportunities to overcome taboos around menstruation, emotions and ageing to talk and learn about the menopause and to seek medical help for symptoms [ 31 – 33 ]. Nevertheless, menopausal women in lower-paid and more manual jobs experience significantly more psychological symptoms than women in higher status ‘white collar’ jobs [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Menopausal symptoms and work: A narrative review of women's experiences in casual, informal, or precarious jobs

“…This finding concurs with the workplace-based surveys comparing ‘working’ and ‘housewife’ status; irrespective of the nature of their job, women in work found the psychological symptoms of the menopause less problematic than housewives did [ 29 , 31 , 33 ]. Beyond empowerment, work can provide women with opportunities to overcome taboos around menstruation, emotions and ageing to talk and learn about the menopause and to seek medical help for symptoms [ 31 – 33 ]. Nevertheless, menopausal women in lower-paid and more manual jobs experience significantly more psychological symptoms than women in higher status ‘white collar’ jobs [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Impact of Menopausal Symptoms on Work: Findings from Women in the Health and Employment after Fifty (HEAF) Study

“…The current study suggested socio-economic differences in the menopause experience such that women reporting financial difficulties or dependants were more likely to report difficulty coping at work with symptoms. These results are similar to those reported amongst Chinese women in whom lower educational attainment and non-white collar occupation were reported as risk factors for more bothersome menopausal symptoms [32]. Educational attainment, employment status, and socio-economic position are strongly inter-linked and are importantly associated with many markers of general health such that those with poorer education tend to occupy lower-paid, more manual types of jobs and have poorer health status.…”

“…In the current study, the prevalence of psychological symptoms was around 60% in women doing each type of occupation and the proportions of workers with depression who reported difficulty coping at work was similarly elevated amongst women in professional occupations (47.3%) as women in elementary occupations (46.7%). The importance of number of symptoms to their impact at work has also been previously reported amongst Chinese working women, in whom increasing number of menopausal symptoms were also found associated with negative effects on self-rated health status [32].…”

Correlates of palpitations during menopause: A scoping review

“…Greater palpitations were consistently not related to age 33,47,58,68,85,86,103 or employment/occupation. 33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses.…”

“…33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses. However, being divorced was associated with higher palpitations severity in one multivariate analysis.…”

Menopausal symptoms and work: A narrative review of women's experiences in casual, informal, or precarious jobs

“…This finding concurs with the workplace-based surveys comparing ‘working’ and ‘housewife’ status; irrespective of the nature of their job, women in work found the psychological symptoms of the menopause less problematic than housewives did [ 29 , 31 , 33 ]. Beyond empowerment, work can provide women with opportunities to overcome taboos around menstruation, emotions and ageing to talk and learn about the menopause and to seek medical help for symptoms [ 31 – 33 ]. Nevertheless, menopausal women in lower-paid and more manual jobs experience significantly more psychological symptoms than women in higher status ‘white collar’ jobs [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Impact of Menopausal Symptoms on Work: Findings from Women in the Health and Employment after Fifty (HEAF) Study

“…The current study suggested socio-economic differences in the menopause experience such that women reporting financial difficulties or dependants were more likely to report difficulty coping at work with symptoms. These results are similar to those reported amongst Chinese women in whom lower educational attainment and non-white collar occupation were reported as risk factors for more bothersome menopausal symptoms [32]. Educational attainment, employment status, and socio-economic position are strongly inter-linked and are importantly associated with many markers of general health such that those with poorer education tend to occupy lower-paid, more manual types of jobs and have poorer health status.…”

“…In the current study, the prevalence of psychological symptoms was around 60% in women doing each type of occupation and the proportions of workers with depression who reported difficulty coping at work was similarly elevated amongst women in professional occupations (47.3%) as women in elementary occupations (46.7%). The importance of number of symptoms to their impact at work has also been previously reported amongst Chinese working women, in whom increasing number of menopausal symptoms were also found associated with negative effects on self-rated health status [32].…”

Correlates of palpitations during menopause: A scoping review

“…Greater palpitations were consistently not related to age 33,47,58,68,85,86,103 or employment/occupation. 33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses.…”

“…33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses. However, being divorced was associated with higher palpitations severity in one multivariate analysis.…”

Menopausal symptoms and work: A narrative review of women's experiences in casual, informal, or precarious jobs

“…This finding concurs with the workplace-based surveys comparing ‘working’ and ‘housewife’ status; irrespective of the nature of their job, women in work found the psychological symptoms of the menopause less problematic than housewives did [ 29 , 31 , 33 ]. Beyond empowerment, work can provide women with opportunities to overcome taboos around menstruation, emotions and ageing to talk and learn about the menopause and to seek medical help for symptoms [ 31 – 33 ]. Nevertheless, menopausal women in lower-paid and more manual jobs experience significantly more psychological symptoms than women in higher status ‘white collar’ jobs [ 31 , 35 ].…”

Impact of Menopausal Symptoms on Work: Findings from Women in the Health and Employment after Fifty (HEAF) Study

“…The current study suggested socio-economic differences in the menopause experience such that women reporting financial difficulties or dependants were more likely to report difficulty coping at work with symptoms. These results are similar to those reported amongst Chinese women in whom lower educational attainment and non-white collar occupation were reported as risk factors for more bothersome menopausal symptoms [32]. Educational attainment, employment status, and socio-economic position are strongly inter-linked and are importantly associated with many markers of general health such that those with poorer education tend to occupy lower-paid, more manual types of jobs and have poorer health status.…”

“…In the current study, the prevalence of psychological symptoms was around 60% in women doing each type of occupation and the proportions of workers with depression who reported difficulty coping at work was similarly elevated amongst women in professional occupations (47.3%) as women in elementary occupations (46.7%). The importance of number of symptoms to their impact at work has also been previously reported amongst Chinese working women, in whom increasing number of menopausal symptoms were also found associated with negative effects on self-rated health status [32].…”

Correlates of palpitations during menopause: A scoping review

“…Greater palpitations were consistently not related to age 33,47,58,68,85,86,103 or employment/occupation. 33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses.…”

“…33,34,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to lower education in four of five studies. 47,65,68,85 Greater palpitations were not related to marital status in bivariate 34,47 or multivariate 33,85 analyses. However, being divorced was associated with higher palpitations severity in one multivariate analysis.…”