Socioeconomic, Demographic, and Environmental Determinants of Under-5 Mortality in Ethiopia: Evidence from Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, 2016

Abstract

Background. Though Ethiopia has made impressive progress in reducing child mortality in the past two decades, the reduction of under-five mortalities is a major concern for the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) introduced in 2016 targeted to reduce under-5 mortality rate below 25 deaths of under-5 per 1,000 live births by 2030. This study aims to assess the risk factors attributed to under-five mortalities in Ethiopia region based on Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey 2016 dataset. Methods. The study was a secondary analysis of 2016, Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey and the information collected from 10,274 children born five years preceding the survey was considered in the study, and variables like maternal social and demographic characteristics, child demographic characteristics, and cultural and environmental factors were considered as determinants of under-five deaths. The study used descriptive statistics and logistic regression model to explore significant risk factors accredited to under-five deaths in Ethiopia. Results. Maternal education attainment, women age at first birth, women current age, child birth order, preceding birth interval, birth type, and occupation of mother were found significant predictors of under-five mortalities. Being born to mother with no education (OR=2.610, 95% CI: 1.598, 4.265), short birth spacing 1 to 18 months birth intervals (OR=2.164, 95% CI: 1.821, 2.570), birth order of five and above, and 11 to 17 years ages at birth (OR=1.556, 95% CI: 1.243, 1.949) were factors significantly associated with increased risk of under-five mortalities. Conclusion. The magnitude of under-five deaths in the study area was decreasing. However, under-five mortality rates have stayed higher in some regions. Therefore, interventions that focus on birth spacing, mothers living in Affar and Gambela, and uneducated mothers are required for improving child survival in Ethiopia.

Research title on Multilevel Modelling of Time to Death for Under-Five Children: 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2019

“…They had increased the death rate by 60%.But, there was no statistically signi cant difference between children were born in home with compared children were born in public health sector. This nding inconsistent with prior studies by (14)(15)(16).…”

Magnitude, trend, and causes of under-five mortality from Kilite-Awlaelo health demographic surveillance database, northern Ethiopia, 2009–2017

“…The main advantage of HDSS data are; it has very high statistical power, measures trend over time, and track real time data and therefore provide a clear picture of demographic and health progresses. So far in Ethiopia, a number of studies [18,19] have been conducted regarding under-five mortality. Yet, evidence from populationbased longitudinal studies on under-five mortality is limited.…”

Trends and Factors Associated with Healthcare Utilization for Childhood Diarrhea and Fever in Ethiopia: Further Analysis of the Demographic and Health Surveys from 2000 to 2016

“…In 2015, the global world health statistics reported that the most important causes of under-five mortalities were preterm birth complications (17%), pneumonia (15%), birth asphyxia (11%), diarrhea (9%), malaria (7%), congenital anomalies (7%), and neonatal infections (15%). Removal of these preventable child deaths requires information about healthcare service utilization on the major causes of deaths [6,7]. In Ethiopia, UNICEF global data reported pneumonia (20.8%), diarrhea (15%), intrapartum (12.3%), preterm (9.6%), and meningitis (7.6%) as the leading cause of deaths among children in 2000.…”