Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review

Mangrio, Elisabeth; Persson, Karin; Bramhagen, Ann‐Cathrine

doi:10.1111/scs.12489

Cited by 78 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…In addition, high maternal education level was positively associated with the duration of partial breastfeeding. This reaffirms previous research findings that mothers with high level of education and mothers with previous children are more likely to breastfeed [10,35]. Previous breastfeeding experience improves the ability to breastfeed, and parents with high level of education might have more flexibility regarding use of parental leave days, especially during the child's second year [36].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

2020

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Background: Breastfeeding is associated with health benefits for both the mother and infant and is therefore important to support; moreover, parental leave is a beneficial factor for breastfeeding. The Swedish parental leave is generous, allowing each parent to take 90 days; additionally, a further 300 days can be taken by either parent. Generally, mothers take 70% of the parental leave days, mainly during the first year. However, breastfeeding duration has declined in the last decade, and it is not known how shared parental leave is associated with the duration of breastfeeding. Aim: To investigate how parental leave is associated with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding of the infant during the first 12 months after birth. An additional aim was to describe infants' and parents' characteristics and mode of birth in association with the duration of exclusive and partial breastfeeding. Methods: This cross-sectional study was part of the Swedish Pregnancy Planning Study, conducted in Sweden in 2012-2015. The parents were recruited at 153 antenatal clinics in nine counties. In total, 813 couples completed a follow-up questionnaire 1 year after birth. Linear regression models were used to analyse the association between parental leave and the duration of breastfeeding. Results: Infants were exclusively breastfed for, on average, 2.5 months (range 0-12 months) and partially breastfed, on average, 7 months (range 0-12 months). Most of the parental leave was taken by the mother (mean = 10.9 months) during the infant's first 12 months, while the partner took 3 months, on average. The parental leave (used and planned) during the infant's first 24 months were, on average, 21 months. In the multivariate linear regression analysis, mothers' and partners' high level of education (p < 0.001, p = 0.044, respectively), mothers' higher age (p = 0.049), non-instrumental vaginal birth (p = 0.004) and longer parental leave for the first 24 months (p < 0.001) were associated with longer duration of partial breastfeeding. Conclusion: The duration of partial breastfeeding was associated with higher parental educational level, higher age, non-instrumental vaginal birth and longer parental leave.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

2020

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“…A recent systematic review employed stringent inclusion and exclusion factors to examine a large number of sociodemographic, physical, maternal, and social factors in relation to breastfeeding in the first 6 months but did not include a quantitative analysis. 63 Although our review and meta-analysis focused on a more limited number of factors that had a relatively large volume of high-quality literature, many factors were not included. In our initial search, we expected to identify infant birth factors such as hypoglycemia, jaundice, birth weight, and gestational age, but found very little published data meeting our inclusion criteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation: A Meta-Analysis

Cohen

Alexander

Krebs

et al. 2018

The Journal of Pediatrics

288

217

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Objective To use a quantitative approach to evaluate the literature for quantity, quality, and consistency of studies of maternal and infant characteristics in association with breastfeeding initiation and continuation, and to conduct a meta-analysis to produce summary relative risks (RRs) for selected factors.Study design A systematic review using PubMed and CINAHL through March 2016 was conducted to identify relevant observational studies in developed nations, reporting a measure of risk for 1 or more of 6 quantitatively derived, high impact factors in relation to either breastfeeding initiation or continuation. One author abstracted data using a predesigned database, which was reviewed by a second independent author; data evaluation and interpretation included all co-authors. These factors were summarized using standard metaanalysis techniques. ResultsSix high impact factors were identified (smoking [39 papers], mode of delivery [47 papers], parity [31 papers], dyad separation [17 papers], maternal education [62 papers], and maternal breastfeeding education [32 papers]). Summary RR from random-effects models for breastfeeding initiation were highest for high vs low maternal education (RR 2.28 [95% CI 1.92-2.70]), dyad connection vs not (RR 2.01 [95% CI 1.38-2.92]), and maternal nonsmoking vs smoking (RR = 1.76 [95% CI 1.59-1.95]); results were similar for breastfeeding continuation.Conclusions Despite methodological heterogeneity across studies, relatively consistent results were observed for these perinatally identifiable factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation, which may be informative in developing targeted interventions to provide education and support for successful breastfeeding in more families. (J Pediatr 2018;203:190-6). P-h P value for heterogeneity RR Relative risk SES Socioeconomic status WIC Women, infants, and children From the

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a U.S. study, total maternity leave available (summing fully paid, partially paid, and unpaid) was not clearly related to breastfeeding initiation or duration, but maternal return to work before 12 weeks (partially or full‐time) or full‐time after 12 weeks was related to reduced breastfeeding duration (Mandal et al, ). However, a recent review highlighted that the level of evidence for the association between early cessation of breastfeeding and a return to work within 12 weeks post‐birth is low (Mangrio, Persson, & Bramhagen, ). Data from the U.K. Millennium Cohort Study (Hawkins, Griffiths, Dezateux, & Law, ; Hawkins, Griffiths, Dezateux, & Law, ) found that mothers who were employed full‐time were less likely to initiate breastfeeding than were women who were students or not employed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maternity or parental leave and breastfeeding duration: Results from the ELFE cohort

Lauzon-Guillain

Thierry

Bois

et al. 2019

Maternal & Child Nutrition

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Previous studies have shown a high level of noncompliance with recommendations on breastfeeding duration, especially in France. The objective was to describe the association between breastfeeding initiation and duration and the statutory duration of postnatal maternity leave, the gap between the end of legal maternity leave and the mother's return to work, and maternal working time during the first year post‐partum. Analyses were based on 8,009 infants from the French nationwide ELFE cohort. We assessed the association with breastfeeding initiation by using logistic regression and, among breastfeeding women, with categories of breastfeeding duration by using multinomial logistic regression. Among primiparous women, both postponing return to work for at least 3 weeks after statutory postnatal maternity leave (as compared with returning to work at the end of the statutory period) and working less than full‐time at 1 year post‐partum (as compared with full‐time) were related to higher prevalence of breastfeeding initiation. Among women giving birth to their first or second child, postponing the return to work until at least 15 weeks was related to a higher prevalence of long breastfeeding duration (at least 6 months) as compared with intermediate duration (3 to <6 months). Working part‐time was also positively related to breastfeeding duration. Among women giving birth to their third child or more, working characteristics were less strongly related to breastfeeding duration. These results support extending maternity leave or working time arrangements to encourage initiation and longer duration of breastfeeding.

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Sociodemographic, physical, mental and social factors in the cessation of breastfeeding before 6 months: a systematic review

Cited by 78 publications

References 47 publications

Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

Longer shared parental leave is associated with longer duration of breastfeeding: a cross-sectional study among Swedish mothers and their partners

Factors Associated with Breastfeeding Initiation and Continuation: A Meta-Analysis

Maternity or parental leave and breastfeeding duration: Results from the ELFE cohort

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