Sociodemographic, obstetric and psychological determinants of obesity among women in early to mid-pregnancy in South India

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, the occurrence of obesity has markedly increased over the past decades with serious public health consequences. Obese pregnant women are more likely to develop hypertension, pre-eclampsia and gestational diabetes, resulting in obstetric complications which in turn may contribute to an increase in adverse child outcomes and maternal mortality. The present study was done to determine the prevalence of obesity and its association with socio-demographic variables, obstetric history and mental health. Methods: This study was nested within an ongoing cohort study, CASCADE, in a public hospital in Bangalore. The study participants comprised of 280 pregnant women who were 18 years of age and above, with a gestational age of less than 24 weeks, enrolled between a period of August 1st, 2017 until April 30th, 2018. Weight and height were measured using calibrated devices to calculate the body mass index. Results: The prevalence of obesity was observed to be 33.9% among the pregnant mothers. Obesity was found to be significantly associated with age, history of abortion, gravidity on multivariate logistic regression. No association was found with depression and anxiety. Conclusions: Obesity is an important health concern among urban pregnant women in the region of South India. The prevalence is much higher than that reported in other studies. Increasing age, multigravidity and past history of abortion were significantly associated with maternal obesity.

Effects of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Prevalence of Insomnia, Anxiety, and Depression During Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…The average duration between data collection and publication was 2,018.187 ± 1.709 in the studies included in the analysis. The studies were conducted in Israel (Adler et al, 2019), United States (Gildner et al, 2020; Kalmbach et al, 2019; Kinser et al, 2018; Perzow et al, 2021), Turkey (Akgor et al, 2021; Alan et al, 2020; Nacar & Taşhan, 2019; Sel et al, 2019), Ethiopia (Bante et al, 2021; Belay et al, 2018; Duko et al, 2019; Gebremichael et al, 2018; Habtamu Belete et al, 2019; Shitu Ayen et al, 2020; Tesfaye & Agenagnew, 2021; Tiki et al, 2020), Bangladesh (Begum & Biswas, 2020), Italy (Cena et al, 2020; Ravaldi & Vannacci, 2020), China (Dong et al, 2021; Lau et al, 2018; Lin et al, 2021; Mo et al, 2018; Yang et al, 2021; Yu et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2021; Zhang, Yang, et al, 2020), Denmark (Ertmann et al, 2020), South Africa (Govender et al, 2020; Kaiyo-Utete et al, 2020), Iran (Hamzehgardeshi et al, 2021; Kazemi & Dadkhah, 2022; Saadati et al, 2021), Finland (Laitinen et al, 2021), Ghana (Lillie et al, 2020), Vietnam (Luong-Thanh et al, 2021), Croatia (Mikšić et al, 2018), Malez either (Nasreen et al, 2018), India (Sheeba et al, 2019; Venkatesh et al, 2019), Pakistan (Sabir et al, 2019; Shahid et al, 2020), Poland (Smyka et al, 2020; Stepowicz et al, 2020), Thailand (Tuksanawes et al, 2020), and the Netherlands (Zilver et al, 202...…”

“…Fifteen studies included in this systematic review had findings about the prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy (Bante et al, 2021; Cena et al, 2020; Dong et al, 2021; Hamzehgardeshi et al, 2021; Lin et al, 2021; Luong-Thanh et al, 2021; Nasreen et al, 2018; Ravaldi et al, 2020; Saadati et al, 2021; Sel et al, 2019; Venkatesh et al, 2019; Yang et al, 2021; Yu et al, 2020; Zhang et al, 2021; Zhang, Yang, et al, 2020). Combined results of these studies indicated that the estimated anxiety rate was 22.3% (95% CI: 0.172–0.285; z : −7.500, p < .001, I 2 : 98.282).…”

“…Changing in the anxiety cases and measurement scores before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. Ten studies that were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis reported findings about the prevalence of anxiety during pregnancy before the Covid-19 pandemic (Bante et al, 2021;Cena et al, 2020;Hamzehgardeshi et al, 2021;Luong-Thanh et al, 2021;Nasreen et al, 2018;Sel et al, 2019;Venkatesh et al, 2019;Yu et al, 2020;Zhang et al, 2021;Zhang, Yang, et al, 2020). Anxiety rate during pregnancy before the Covid-19 pandemic was found 25.9% (95% CI: 0.162-0.387; z: −3.481, p < .001).…”