Sociodemographic factors associated with IgG and IgM seroprevalence for human cytomegalovirus infection in adult populations of Pakistan: a seroprevalence survey

Ibrahim, Saira; Siddiqui, Anwar Ali; Siddiqui, Amna R.; Ahmed, Waquaruddin; Moss, Paul; Lalani, El–Nasir

doi:10.1186/s12889-016-3772-8

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 36 publications

(60 reference statements)

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“…This pattern is again reflected in that of HCMV infection. The acceleration of HCMV seroprevalence during puberty and adolescence is steeper in girls than in boys and is higher in women of childbearing age than in men in populations with relatively low HCMV seroprevalence 49 , 64 , 65 , 84 , 100 – 102 . Age-adjusted HCMV seroprevalence does not differ between men and women in populations with high seroprevalence 49 , 103 .…”

Section: Epidemiological Convergencementioning

confidence: 96%

“…Socio-economic status. Incidence and prevalence of CMV infection are associated with poor socio-economic status (SES), between countries as well as within countries and communities 49 , 64 , 65 , 100 , 114 – 116 . This includes association with crowding, in particular the number of young children in household 117 – 119 .…”

Section: Epidemiological Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

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The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection

Cobelens¹,

Nagelkerke

Fletcher

2018

F1000Res

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Although several factors are known to increase the risk of tuberculosis, the occurrence of tuberculosis disease in an infected individual is difficult to predict. We hypothesize that active human cytomegalovirus infection due to recent infection, reinfection or reactivation plays an epidemiologically relevant role in the aetiology of tuberculosis by precipitating the progression from latent tuberculosis infection to disease. The most compelling support for this hypothesis comes from the striking similarity in age-sex distribution between the two infections, important because the age-sex pattern of tuberculosis disease progression has not been convincingly explained. Cytomegalovirus infection and tuberculosis have other overlapping risk factors, including poor socio-economic status, solid organ transplantation and, possibly, sexual contact and whole blood transfusion. Although each of these overlaps could be explained by shared underlying risk factors, none of the epidemiological observations refute the hypothesis. If this interaction would play an epidemiologically important role, important opportunities would arise for novel approaches to controlling tuberculosis.

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Section: Epidemiological Convergencementioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Epidemiological Convergencementioning

confidence: 99%

The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection

Cobelens¹,

Nagelkerke

Fletcher

2018

F1000Res

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“…In USA a recent analysis of CMV IgM seroprevalence in women at reproductive age also found that 97.5 % of IgM seropositive women were CMV IgG seropositive [36]. Other study performed in Pakistan, showed that 95.3 % of individuals who were IgM seropositive were equally seropositive for IgG [39]. In countries with a high prevalence of CMV infection, such as Korea and Turkey, IgG avidity testing have shown that none of the women with a pro ile of IgM and IgG positive had evidence of a primary infection [26,37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Seroepidemiology Study of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella in Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Geospatial Distribution and its Association with Socio-Demographic and Clinical-Obstetric Determinants

Vueba

Faria

Almendra

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: The main objective was to study the seroprevalence of anti-CMV and anti-Rubella antibodies in pregnant women of Luanda (Angola), identify the primary maternal infection during gestation and to evaluate the socio-demographic risk factors associated with CMV and Rubella virus infections. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from August 2016 to May 2017. Blood samples were collected and specific anti-CMV and anti-Rubella antibodies (IgG and IgM) were quantified by electrochemiluminescence (COBAS e411). Demographic and clinical data were collected by standardized questionnaire. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to quantify the effect of clinical and obstetric risk factors on virus seroprevalence. The level of statistical significance was set as p<0.05, and Odds Ratio (OR) and 95% Confidence Intervals (95% CI) were computed. Results: The 396 pregnant women participated in the study aged from 15 to 47. Of the participants, 382 (96.5%) had anti-CMV IgG antibodies, 8 (2.0%) had anti-CMV IgG and IgM antibodies and 6 (1.5%) were seronegative. For Rubella virus, 347 (87.6%) were positive for anti-IgG, 4 (1.0%) positive for anti-IgG and IgM, and 45 (11.4%) were seronegative. The mean age of CMV positivity was 28.4 (SD ± 6.2) and for Rubella virus was 28.6 (SD ± 6.1). The multivariate logistic regression analysis has shown a significant association between Rubella virus infection and pregnant women without child (OR 2.673; CI: 1.026 - 7.007) and suffering spontaneous abortion (OR 3.232; CI: 1.192 - 7.952). In contrast, the level of schooling, residence, occupation, marital status, number of children in the household, basic sanitation, gestational age, history of miscarriages and hepatitis B were not significantly associated with the Rubella virus infection. Conclusions: Overall, this study showed that there is a high seroprevalence of anti-CMV and anti-Rubella antibodies in pregnant women in Luanda. Therefore, it is important a rapid and accurate diagnosis of CMV and Rubella infection in pregnant women to prevent congenital infections. Rubella vaccination should be offered to women non-immune to Rubella. Overall, it would be important to implement national screening for CMV, Rubella and other diseases linked to maternal and child health.

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“…CMV is considered as the leading intrauterine source of permanent disabilities among children such as mental retardation and hearing loss. Developed and developing countries reported high seropositive rates for CMV infection among women, e.g., US (58.3%; [ 32 ]), Europe (30–90%; [ 33 ]), India (80–90%; [ 34 ]), Pakistan (94.4%; [ 35 ]), Saudi Arabia (92–100%; [ 18 ]), and Africa (60–100%; [ 36 ]). Despite the high seropositive rate of CMV among women and the detrimental impact of CMV infection if contracted during the first trimester of pregnancy, there are several gaps in women’s knowledge of CMV [ 25 , 26 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge of cytomegalovirus infection among women in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

Almishaal

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common intrauterine congenital infection in humans. Worldwide seropositive rates of CMV are considerably high among women of childbearing age. There is currently no optimal drug treatment nor a vaccine for congenital CMV infection and therefore the best available program to date of prevention is practicing standard hygienic measures. The success of this program relies on women’s knowledge of CMV modes of transmissions, and risk and preventative behaviors. Objective The current study aims to assess the awareness and knowledge of CMV infection among women in Saudi Arabia. Method In this cross-sectional study, an online self-administered questionnaire was distributed to women 18 years of age or older residing in all regions of Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire included questions to assess awareness of CMV, knowledge of symptoms, transmission, and preventative measures of CMV infection. Results Out of the 1004 women who completed the questionnaire, self-reported knowledge of CMV was considerably low with only 82 women (8.17%) having heard of CMV infection. Most women reported learning about CMV from the internet and university. In binary logistic analyses, women pursuing studies in healthcare and those working in health professions, as well as those with undergraduate and graduate college degrees were significantly associated with higher knowledge of CMV. Urban area of residence was significantly associated with lower levels of knowledge of CMV. Among women who reported they had heard of CMV, their knowledge of CMV modes of transmission, symptoms, and preventative measures was considerably low. Regarding the transmission route, 23% reported no knowledge of modes of transmission, 59.75% reported mother-to-child transmission, 48.78% reported sexual intercourse, and 45% reported contact with body fluids of an infected person. Regarding knowledge of symptoms of congenital CMV, mental retardation and death were the most commonly reported clinical presentations. Conclusion The current study showed that the overall knowledge of CMV is very low among women in Saudi Arabia. Working in the healthcare field and higher education levels were significantly associated with better knowledge of CMV. It is crucial that women are provided with information regarding CMV-associated complications and preventative measures against mother-to-fetus transmission of CMV.

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Sociodemographic factors associated with IgG and IgM seroprevalence for human cytomegalovirus infection in adult populations of Pakistan: a seroprevalence survey

Cited by 9 publications

References 36 publications

The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection

The convergent epidemiology of tuberculosis and human cytomegalovirus infection

Seroepidemiology Study of Cytomegalovirus and Rubella in Pregnant Women in Luanda, Angola: Geospatial Distribution and its Association with Socio-Demographic and Clinical-Obstetric Determinants

Knowledge of cytomegalovirus infection among women in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study

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