Sociodemographic Differences in Young Children Meeting 24-Hour Movement Guidelines

Abstract

Background: Little is known about variation in meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines (including physical activity [PA], sleep, and screen time [ST]) in early childhood. The aim was to evaluate sociodemographic differences in meeting the 24-Hour Movement Guidelines. Methods: Parents of 3–4 year old children reported sociodemographic information and ST. Sleep and PA were measured using accelerometry, and height and weight were objectively measured. The 24-Hour Movement Guidelines include daily PA (total PA: ≥3 h; including ≥1 h of moderate to vigorous), sleep (10–13 h), and ST (≤1 h). Meeting guidelines by age, sex, race, poverty level, and weight status were assessed using chi-square and linear regression models. Results: Of 107 children, 57% were white and 26% lived in households at or below the poverty level. Most children met the PA (91.5%) and sleep (86.9%) guidelines, but few met ST (14.0%) or all 3 (11.3%) guidelines. African American children and children who lived at or below the poverty level were less likely to meet the sleep, ST, and all 3 guidelines compared with others (P < .01 for all). There were no other differences. Conclusion: These results suggest future interventions should focus on reducing differences in movement, namely in sleep and ST.

Development of a consensus statement on the role of the family in the physical activity, sedentary, and sleep behaviours of children and youth

“…Unfortunately, among Canadian children, only 13% of 3-4-year-olds [9], 17% of 5-17 year-olds [9,38], and 3% of 11-15 year-olds [34] adhere to the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines [1,2]. Similar low adherence to healthy movement behaviour recommendations among children and youth have been reported in samples from Australia [39], Belgium [40], Mozambique [41], New Zealand [42], Sweden [43], the United Kingdom [44], the United States [37,45,46], and even lower adherences in China [35], Singapore [47] and South Korea [36]. Clearly, the need to promote healthy movement behaviours among children and youth is a worldwide public health priority.…”

The whole day matters: Understanding 24-hour movement guideline adherence and relationships with health indicators across the lifespan

“…Of the 51 studies included in this review, 31 studies 27 , 28 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 examined adherence (meeting vs. not meeting) to 24-h movement guidelines, and 20 studies 16 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 77 used compositional analyses to explore the 24-h time-use composition of movement behaviors. Studies were conducted in 20 different countries but were most commonly conducted in Canada ( n = 12), 19 , 20 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 35 , 43 , 49 , 55 , 57 ...…”

“… 34 , 53 , 77 Timelines for prospective studies ranged from 4 months 71 to 5 years. 72 In terms of age groups, 1 study 42 was conducted with infants, 2 studies 49 , 59 with toddlers, 11 studies 28 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 46 , 51 , 53 , 62 , 77 with preschoolers, 14 studies 18 , 36 , 40 , 48 , 52 , 56 , 58 , 60 , 61 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 75 , 76 with children, 4 studies 45 , 47 , 50 , 54 with youth, 8 studies 19 , 27 , 29 , 41 , 43 , 44 , 55 , 57 with both children and youth, 5 studies 16 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 with adults, 4 studies 63 , 71 , 73 , 74 with older adults, and 2 studies 20 , 72 with both adults and older adults. The sample sizes of the included studies ranged fr...…”

“…Of the 31 studies, 3 studies 37 , 45 , 54 had a score of less than 50%. A total of 12 studies 41 , 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 , 49 , 51 , 56 , 57 , 59 , 60 , 61 had scores between 60% and 69%, 13 studies 27 , 28 , 29 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 38 , 39 , 47 , 50 , 52 , 53 , 58 had scores between 70% and 79%, and 3 studies 40 , 43 , 55 had scores between 80% and 89%. The average score of the included studies for the quality subscales of reporting, external validity, internal validity—bias, internal validity—confounding, and power were 88%, 32%, 79%, 74%, and 3%, respectively.…”

“… − ? 8/42 Kracht et al (2019) 46 + + + + + + − + + − − + − + + + + − ? 13/68 Laurson et al (2015) 47 + + + + + + + + − + + + − + + + + − ?…”