Sociodemographic Determinants of Willingness and Extent to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in India

Kiran, Tanvi; Junaid, K. P.; Sharma, Divya; Jain, Lovely; Vij, Jatina; Satapathy, Prakasini; Chakrapani, Venkatesan; Patro, Binod Kumar; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Singh, Ritesh; Pala, Star; Bali, Surya; Rustagi, Neeti; Goel, Kapil; Sankhe, Lalit; Modi, Bhavesh; Gupta, Madhu; Aggarwal, Arun Kumar; Rajagopal, Vineeth; Padhi, Bijaya Kumar

doi:10.3389/fpubh.2022.870880

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 15 publications

(47 reference statements)

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“…The study revealed that the majority of the participants stated that they were willing to pay only up to 50% of the cost of the COVID-19 vaccine, and income was observed as a precursor predictor for their willingness to pay. It was also observed that being single, belonging to the higher-income group, and having a less family size were found to be having significantly higher odds of willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine ( 23 ). Other barriers are as follows: poor access to vaccination sites in the form of lack of transportation, bad roads worsened with the rainy season, and lack of caretakers to accompany the older persons to the health facilities, especially those living in the rural/tribal areas or in the outskirts.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India

Godbole,

Diwan,

Das

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

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IntroductionIndia launched the COVID-19 vaccination drive on 16th January 2021 by vaccinating the adult population above 18 years of age. This was followed by the introduction of an additional precaution dose. As on 18th October 2022, 1,02,66,96,808 (1.02 Billion) first dose and 94, 95, 39,516 (949 Million) second doses of COVID-19 vaccine were administered. However, when compared to the uptake of the primary doses, the precaution dose uptake lagged behind with only 21,75, 12,721 (217 million) doses administered. Even though, the uptake of the primary doses remained optimal, irrespective of different interventions by the Government of India, the uptake of the precaution dose remained poor. In this context, the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare wanted to understand the facilitators and Barriers for precaution dose uptake among adults so that future immunization campaigns could address these issues.MethodsAn exploratory qualitative study was conducted to assess the facilitators and barriers for COVID-19 precaution dose uptake at community level across 6 different states in India. From each of the states, two districts with the highest and lowest rates of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose uptake were selected. In each of these districts, 2 block Primary Healthcare Centres (PHCs), one with high and one with low uptake were identified. Within these block PHCs, a PHC field area with high and low precaution dose uptakes was identified. From the identified sites a minimum of four IDIs, four FGDs were conducted among the community members. KIIs of the State Immunization Officers, District Immunisation Officers, PHC Medical Officers, healthcare workers like Accredited Social Health Activist/Auxiliary Nurse Midwife were also conducted. The data was audio recorded and it was transcribed, translated and analysed using framework approach.ResultsIt was observed that rise in COVID-19 cases prompted the community to take the precaution dose, this along with the cost of hospitalization and the number of productive days being lost as a result of being infected resulted in vaccine uptake. The fear of non-availability of COVID-19 vaccines latter on also prompted people for vaccine uptake. While the barriers were, poor accessibility to vaccination centers, long hours of travel, poor road connectivity and lack of transportation facilities. However, the most prominent barriers observed across all study sites was that a sense of pandemic fatigue and complacency had developed both among the providers as well as the beneficiaries. Other barriers include differences in vaccination schedules and longer duration between the primary doses of some vaccines. Media was identified to be both a barrier and facilitator for Covid-19 Precaution dose uptake. Even though media played an important role in disseminating information in the beginning of the campaign, it was soon followed by the circulation of both misinformation and disinformation.DiscussionThe study identified that dissemination of accurate information and community involvement at each stage of planning and implementation are crucial for the success of any campaign. Efforts should be constantly made to address and re-invent strategies that will be most suitable for the needs of the community. Therefore, in order to ensure successful vaccination campaigns, it is crucial that along with political will it is also important to have a decentralized approach with inter-sectoral coordination with different stakeholders such as healthcare workers, community members and the different departments such as the local self-governments, education department, law & order department etc. These lessons learnt from COVID-19 vaccination campaigns must not be forgotten and must be applied in future vaccination campaigns and while framing public health policies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India

Godbole,

Diwan,

Das

et al. 2024

Front. Public Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…We considered that the costs of vaccines could potentially act as a financial barrier to vaccination. This was particularly relevant for individuals who experience financial constraints or have a low household income [ 41 – 43 ]. Vaccination costs might increase disparities in access and raise concerns about equity and fairness.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing Thai university students’ decisions to take COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: a cross-sectional survey

Thichumpa,

Yimthin,

Ratchatorn

et al. 2024

Trop Med Health

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Background We aimed to describe the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and factors influencing this among Thai university students. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted between July and September 2022. All university students in Thailand were eligible to participate. We explored the acceptance rate of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses and regular vaccines (if available) among university students. Associations between factors influencing the acceptance of vaccination were analyzed by multiple logistic regression analysis. Results A total of 322 participants were surveyed (78.9% female, age 18 to 49 years (mean = 22.6, standard deviation = 5.47)). Most participants (85.7%) were undergraduate students (Bachelor level), and a proportion (84.8%) had a background in health sciences studies. The proportions who accepted booster doses and regular vaccines were 52.8% and 69.3%, respectively. Vaccine accessibility was found to be significantly associated with the acceptance of booster doses (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 2.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–6.97), while the availability of scientific evidence (AOR = 3.44, 95% CI = 1.21–9.77) was significantly associated with the acceptance of regular vaccines. Conclusions This study contributes to addressing the knowledge gap regarding acceptance of COVID-19 vaccine booster doses among university students in Thailand. Our findings revealed that vaccine accessibility and the availability of scientific evidence, as well as vaccination costs, influenced individuals’ decisions around accepting vaccine booster doses. Further research should focus on the dynamics of vaccine acceptance to facilitate the development of targeted strategies and support vaccination policymaking in Thailand.

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“…Alternatively, however, this could also be due to the success of outreach programs that specifically targeted Black and Latinx/Hispanic individuals; programs focused on equity-based vaccine allocation and community engagement have been shown to almost double vaccination rates ( 50 ). Furthermore, a recent study found that, over the course of the pandemic, the rate of vaccine hesitancy has been decreasing more rapidly among Black individuals than White individuals ( 29 ). Future research on strategies to increase COVID-19 vaccination among people of color should continue to explore the barriers faced be these populations and develop tailored, and potentially multicomponent, interventions to address the identified barriers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…P-values were calculated using Chi-squared tests or Fisher-Freeman Halton tests [for covariates with more than 2 categories and cell sizes smaller than 5 ( 26 )]. Model fit was assessed based on the Pseudo R 2 and using the Hosmer and Lemeshow's goodness-of-fit test ( 27 – 29 ). Covariates included in analyses were based on Andersen's model of health care utilization ( 30 , 31 ) and previous literature examining covariates associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake acceptance and uptake ( 6 , 32 – 34 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among resource-limited adults diagnosed with chronic illness

Spees

Biddell²,

Angove³

et al. 2023

Front. Public Health

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BackgroundDespite the use of interventions (e.g., monetary incentives, educational campaigns, on-site workplace vaccination) to increase COVID-19 vaccination, differences in uptake persist by poverty level, insurance status, geography, race, and ethnicity, suggesting that these interventions may not be adequately addressing the barriers faced by these populations. Among a sample of resource-limited individuals with chronic illnesses, we (1) described the prevalence of different types of barriers to the COVID-19 vaccination and (2) identified associations between patients' sociodemographic characteristics and barriers to vaccination.MethodsWe surveyed a national sample of patients with chronic illness and demonstrated healthcare affordability and/or access challenges about barriers to COVID-19 vaccination in July 2021. We categorized participant responses into cost, transportation, informational, and attitudinal barrier domains and assessed the prevalence of each domain, both overall and by self-reported vaccination status. Using logistic regression models, we examined unadjusted and adjusted associations between respondent characteristics (sociodemographic, geographic, and healthcare access) and self-reported barriers to vaccination.ResultsOf 1,342 respondents in the analytic sample, 20% (264/1,342) reported informational barriers and 9% (126/1,342) reported attitudinal barriers to COVID-19 vaccination. Transportation and cost barriers were reported much less commonly, by only 1.1% (15/1,342) and 0.7% (10/1,342) of the sample, respectively. Controlling for all other characteristics, respondents with either a specialist as their usual source of care or no usual source of care had an 8.4 (95% CI: 1.7–15.1) and 18.1 (95% CI: 4.3–32.0) percentage point higher predicted probability, respectively, of reporting informational barriers to care. Compared to females, males had an 8.4% point (95% CI: 5.5–11.4) lower predicted probability of reporting attitudinal barriers. Only attitudinal barriers were associated with COVID-19 vaccine uptake.ConclusionAmong a sample of adults with chronic illnesses who had received financial assistance and case management services from a national non-profit, informational and attitudinal barriers were more commonly reported than logistical or structural access barriers (i.e., transportation and cost barriers). Interventions should target attitudinal barriers among patients with chronic illness, who may have particular concerns about the interaction of the vaccine with ongoing medical care. Additionally, interventions targeting informational barriers are particularly needed among individuals without a usual source of care.

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Sociodemographic Determinants of Willingness and Extent to Pay for COVID-19 Vaccine in India

Cited by 7 publications

References 15 publications

Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India

Facilitators and barriers to the uptake of COVID-19 vaccine precaution dose among adult population: qualitative analysis across six different states of India

Factors influencing Thai university students’ decisions to take COVID-19 vaccine booster doses: a cross-sectional survey

Barriers to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among resource-limited adults diagnosed with chronic illness

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