Sociodemographic context of the AIDS epidemic in a rural area in Tanzania with a focus on people's mobility and marriage

Boerma, J. Ties; Urassa, Mark; Nnko, Soori; Ngweshemi, J; Isingo, Raphael; Żaba, Basia; Mwaluko, Gabriel

doi:10.1136/sti.78.suppl_1.i97

Cited by 102 publications

(129 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This result is inconsistent with other studies which indicated that urban areas and trading centers along the main roads generally show considerably higher prevalence of HIV infection than rural areas [28]. In developing countries, possible biases that should be considered when interpreting this result include rural poverty motivating people to migrate to urban areas in the hope of finding improved economic opportunities [29,30]. They live in slums in large cities where they are at higher risk to become infected with HIV virus [31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Indeed, seriously ill individuals return to their village of birth to die, as such the migration back to rural areas may interpret the underestimation of AIDS levels in urban areas and the high AIDS-related deaths among the rural Africans [23,30]. Moreover, as statistics are often curtailed to simple urban -rural dichotomies, it is difficult to examine differences in AIDS rates among or within urban areas.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Aids Epidemic: Evidence From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development And The African Countries

El-Asfahani¹

2008

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) has been spreading rapidly worldwide for the past two decades, causing a variety of symptoms known as the Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), which has killed millions of people, and which looks likely to kill millions more. Generally, HIV infection rates are currently decreasing in several countries, but globally the number of people living with HIV/AIDS continues to rise both geographically and among specific demographic groups. For example, despite the remarkable efforts that are being made throughout Africa to avert the spread of HIV and reduce its impact, the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Africa continues to spread obstinately.Among the vexing issues related to the AIDS epidemic are the insufficient provisions of planners, policy makers and the public in general in curbing its devastating consequences to the health sector, households, schools, workplaces, economies and the quality of life as a whole. This paper presents information on the association between socio-demographic variables and AIDS prevalence in some African and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries.The studied variables included size of population; population density; urbanization; average life expectancy; average female life expectancy; average male life expectancy; literacy; female and male literacy; population increase; infant mortality; average daily calorie intake; gross domestic product (GDP) per capita; religion; fertility rates; death rates; and AIDS-rate. Several parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques were adopted including Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney and Chi-square tests.Insignificant difference in the means of AIDS-rates between the OECD countries and the African group was found, but the difference was significant when the USA was excluded from the analysis. As initially expected, life expectancy in the OECD countries was significantly higher than that of the African group while the average rates of infant mortality, population growth, fertility, and death were significantly higher within the African group.Significant association between AIDS-rate and life expectancy was only found for African males, while association with fertility, infant mortality, population density, and calorie intakes was statistically insignificant. No clear difference between urban and rural areas with respect to AIDS-rates was discerned. Communities of Muslims were less subject to the AIDS problem. In conclusion, future studies should devote more attention toward impacts on HIV/AIDS prevalence of other equally important variables such as access to social and health care services, cultural norms, ethnic diversity, and educational facilities.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Aids Epidemic: Evidence From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development And The African Countries

El-Asfahani¹

2008

African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development

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“…18 In addition, women might have higher expectations of their partners during pregnancy, to ensure a stable future for themselves and the child, with expectations that uncommitted partners might perceive as overly demanding. While being currently unmarried can also be a consequence of partner violence, as a study in rural Mwanza showed, 19 in some cases it might also be the stress resulting from social stigma associated with a pregnancy outside marriage that triggers violence.…”

Section: H Stöckl Et Al / Reproductive Health Matters 2010;18(36):171mentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical violence by a partner during pregnancy in Tanzania: prevalence and risk factors

Stöckl

Watts

Mbwambo

2010

Reproductive Health Matters

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“…Many studies in the past decade have examined the association between various individual and community level factors and HIV infection and prevalence in various sub-Saharan African settings [4][5][6][7][8] . Underlying these studies is the association between sociodemographic and economic factors, such as age, age at first intercourse, religion, occupation, mobility, education, and socioeconomic status, and various risky or protective sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Social Demographic and Economic Determinants Of Risky And Pmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social, Economic and Demographic Determinants of Sexual Risk Behaviors among Men in Rural Malawi: A District-Level Study

Paz-Soldán¹,

deGraft-Johnson²,

Bisika³

et al. 2007

African Journal of Reproductive Health

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Data from a survey of 715 men aged 20-44 from Mangochi district of Malawi were used to assess the sociodemographic and economic determinants of (1) having ever paid for sex, (2) total number of sex partners in the past year, and (3) having ever used condoms. Different individual characteristics were associated with each of these sexual behaviors. Polygamy and being a fisherman who has left home for over a month in the past year for work reasons were both positively associated with having ever paid for sex, whereas those with more household wealth were less likely to have paid for sex. The influence of education, age, age at sexual initiation, Muslim religion, polygamy, occupation, and having ever paid for sex on total number of sexual partners in the past year are all evident. Finally, secondary education, work-related migration, and having ever paid for sex were significantly associated with having used condoms. RÉSUMÉLes déterminants sociaux, économiques et démographiques des comportements à risque chez les homes au Malawi rural: Une étude au niveau du district A l'aide des données recueillies d'une enquête de 715 hommes âgés de 20-44 ans du district de Mangochi au Malawi, nous avons évalué les déterminants sociodémographiques et économiques 1) d'avoir jamais payé pour les rapports sexuel 2) du nombre de partenaires sexuel au cours de l'année passée et 3) d'avoir jamais utilisé les préservatifs. De différentes caractéristiques individuelles ont été liées à chacun de ces comportements sexuels. La polygamie et le fait d'être un pêcheur qui a quitté le foyer conjugal pour plus d'un mois au cours de l'année passée à cause du travail étaient, tous les deux, liés au fait d'avoir jamais payé pour les rapports sexuels, alors que ceux qui possédaient de la richesse familiale avaient moins la possibilité de payer pour les rapports sexuels. L'influence de l'éducation, de l'âge, de l'âge au moment de l'initiation sexuelle, la religion islamique, la polygamie, le métier et d'avoir jamais payé pour un rapport sexuel, le nombre total des partenaires sexuels au cours de l'année passée, est toute évidente. Enfin, l'éducation secondaire, la migration liée au travail et le fait d'avoir jamais payer pour un rapport sexuel ont été significativement liés au fait d'avoir jamais utilisé les préservatif. (Rev Afr Santé Reprod 2007; 11[2]:33-46).

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Sociodemographic context of the AIDS epidemic in a rural area in Tanzania with a focus on people's mobility and marriage

Cited by 102 publications

References 37 publications

Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Aids Epidemic: Evidence From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development And The African Countries

Socio-Demographic Variables Associated With Aids Epidemic: Evidence From The Organization For Economic Cooperation And Development And The African Countries

Physical violence by a partner during pregnancy in Tanzania: prevalence and risk factors

Social, Economic and Demographic Determinants of Sexual Risk Behaviors among Men in Rural Malawi: A District-Level Study

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