Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and “Normal-Weight Obesity”

Ohlsson, Bodil; Manjer, Jonas

doi:10.1155/2020/2070297

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Additionally, total HLSUS, physical exercise behavior, and dietary nutrition behavior also significantly negatively correlated with BF%, indicating that these lifestyle factors might be important in determining whether a university student was NWO or NWNO, which was in accordance with the previous study. 35 Physical exercise behavior was significantly negatively correlated with body fat mass, BF% and visceral fat area in both NWNO males and females, but only in NWO females. In a study, physical activity has been shown to be inversely related with BMI, waist circumference and fat-mass percentage and positively related with fat-free mass percentage.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maitiniyazi¹,

Chen²,

Qiu³

et al. 2021

DMSO

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Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined as normal body mass index (BMI) and excessive body fat percentage (BF%), has been shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic dysfunction and with higher mortality. However, there is limited literature regarding the potential associations between NWO and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate the associations of lifestyles with NWO in Chinese university students. Participants and Methods: A total of 279 university students with normal BMI were recruited and divided into NWO and normal weight non-obesity (NWNO) groups by BF%. Body composition and anthropometrics were measured, and participants were asked to finish the Healthy Lifestyle Scale for University Students (HLSUS) questionnaire. Results: A total of 26 male (25.5%) and 71 female (40.1%) students were identified as NWO. Compared to NWNO students, body weight, BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference and hip circumference of NWO students were all significantly higher both in male and female students (P < 0.05). The body fat mass, BF% and visceral fat area were significantly negatively correlated with the total HLSUS, physical exercise behavior, and dietary nutrition behavior scores in NWNO males, NWO and NWNO females (P < 0.05). The risk of NWO was lower in those students with higher scores in physical exercise behavior in both males (OR = 0.298, 95% CI = 0.121~0.733) and females (OR = 0.653, 95% CI = 0.505~0.843), while dietary nutrition behavior (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.584~0.986) and stress management behavior (OR = 0.503, 95% CI = 0.335~0.755) decreased the risk of NWO only in females. Conclusion:The incidence of NWO was high among university students, especially in females, which might be related with unhealthy lifestyles. NWO university students should pay attention to lifestyle adjustments, especially physical exercise, dietary nutrition and stress management, for preventing the health risk in NWO.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Maitiniyazi¹,

Chen²,

Qiu³

et al. 2021

DMSO

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“…In this study, we focused only on male rats. However, it is reported that morbidity of normal weight obesity is significantly higher in female than in male in human [13,14]. Further study of sex differences and the effect of HFD exposure to female juvenile rats are required.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early life high-fat diet exposure evokes normal weight obesity

et al. 2020

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Obesity is becoming one of the most severe global health problems. However, risk of developing normal weight obesity, where an individual has a high percentage of body fat despite a normal body mass index, is gaining attention since such individuals also develop systemic inflammation and metabolic dysregulation. In this study, juvenile (3-week-old) and adult (8-week-old) rats were fed a high fat diet (HFD) for 9 weeks and compared them with normal chow diet (NCD) fed rats. The HFD fed adult group showed increase in energy intake, body weight (BW), total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat compared with an age-matched NCD group. In addition, the percentage of muscle mass to BW in the adult HFD group was significantly lower compared with the NCD group. When HFD feeding was started from the juvenile stage, there were almost no differences in energy intake and BW between the HFD and NCD groups. However, the juvenile HFD group showed a 1.7-fold increase in total fat, visceral fat and subcutaneous fat compared with their age-matched NCD group. The percentage of muscle mass to BW was significantly lower in the juvenile HFD group compared with the NCD group. In addition, increased plasma insulin levels and decreased insulin sensitivity was observed only in juvenile HFD group, but not in adult HFD group. These results suggest that HFD feeding in growth period induces insulin resistance and normal weight obesity. Here we show a method for generating a normal weight obesity model, as well as raising the alarm for developing normal weight obesity when children are exposed to high-fat meals.

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“…With the present-day understanding of pediatric obesity risks, it is worth considering that these elevated trunk fat markers are associated with the main biochemical markers of insulin resistance and inflammatory and metabolic abnormalities [39]. The clinical approach of analyzing trunk fat has led to the assessment of 17,000 participants with BMI < 25 kg/m 2 but with excessive body fat [40]. In children and young people, the estimation of trunk fat by proxy methods has been slow due to the varied charts for waist circumference despite the publications of McCarthy [41,42] facilitating Z score calculation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating trunk fat in children according to sex using basic somatic readings: an opportunity for improving evaluation among girls

Benavent

Pérez‐Fernández

2021

BMC Pediatr

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Background The fat mass estimators waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and relative fat mass—pediatric (RFMp) complement the widely accepted body mass index (BMI) in obesity evaluation. Aims of the Study: Conduct an easy appraisal of trunk fat and the cardiometabolic risk associated with pediatric obesity. Methods A total of 472 children (39% boys in the total sample) were classified as underweight, normal weight, overweight or obese (nutritional groups, NGs) according to BMI Z-score after initial anthropometric data were obtained and ad hoc exclusion criteria were applied. WHtR and RFMp (% of total fat) were calculated for each group, associations were assessed through multiple linear regression (MLR), and differences between sexes were evaluated (medians, IQR). Results The mean age (mean (95% CI)) was 10.8 y (10.1–11.1). The values in the total sample were as follows: WHtR, 0.5 (0.49–0.51) and RFMp%, 32.3 (31.7–33.0). In the overweight group, the values were as follows: WHtR, 0.51 (0.50–0.52) and RFMp(%), 34.2 (33.3–35.1). In the obese group, the values were as follows: WHtR, 0.56 (0.55–0.57) and RFMp(%), 37.8 (36.9–38.6). The associations were as follows (NG; independent variables): In the NG, adjusted R2 values were between 0.74 and 0.78. In the total sample, the beta coefficient was 3.36 (P < 0.001) for RFMp for girls; for waist circumference (WC), the beta coefficient was 2.97 (P < 0.001), and for WHtR the beta coefficients were − 0.01 (p < 0.001) and 0.03 (p < 0.001),for girls and for WC respectively. The sex differences were as follows: BMI exhibited no differences in the NG (Mann-Whitney U). WHtR (median (IQR)) differed (M vs. F) in the total sample (0.49 (0.45–0.54) vs. 0.52 (0.45–0.56), p < 0.004); in the overweight group (0.51 (0.48–0.53) vs. 0.54 (0.51–0.55), p < 0.001); and in the obese group (0.55 (0.52–0.57) vs. 0.57 (0.54–0.60), p < 0.004). RFMp (%) differed in the total group (29.21 (24.27–32.92) vs. 36.63 (30.2–39.51), p < 0.001); in the overweight group (31.24 (28.35–32.35) vs. 37.95 (35.75–38.82), p < 0.001) and in the obese group (35.89 (32.05–36.15) vs. 40.63 (38.27–42.42), p < 0.001). Conclusions WHtR and RFMp are simple and reliable indices that do not require centile charts. Their values, including waist circumference, can be used to estimate the different trunk fat components in boys and girls better than BMI, especially if individuals are overweight or obese. RFMp proved to be more reliable as it considers sex. Both should be included in routine anthropometric readings.

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Sociodemographic and Lifestyle Factors in relation to Overweight Defined by BMI and “Normal-Weight Obesity”

Cited by 23 publications

References 32 publications

Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Early life high-fat diet exposure evokes normal weight obesity

Estimating trunk fat in children according to sex using basic somatic readings: an opportunity for improving evaluation among girls

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